Viewpoint Discrimination in Hiring at UVa – “Presumptively Unconstitutional”

University of Virginia Counsel James Iler

by James C. Sherlock

The University of Virginia engages today in in-your-face viewpoint discrimination in hiring.

The counterfactually named University of Virginia Office for Equal Opportunity and Civil Rights (EOCR) declares itself responsible for:

Recruitment and Hiring: facilitating and monitoring faculty and staff recruitment and hiring and training faculty and staff regarding applicable laws and best practices for search and hiring processes.

Indeed.

EOCR has turned viewpoint discrimination into a science by considering contributions to inclusive excellence” in hiring. Do yourself a favor. Open that page and click to open each section.

EOCR helpfully offers hiring officials and search committees phrases as “examples of what could be added” to job applications at UVa.

[Faculty] Candidates should also describe how their courses, research, and/or service have helped, or will help, students to develop intercultural competencies or otherwise advance excellence through diversity, equity, and inclusion within the institution.

Those requirements are not viewpoint-neutral because diversity, equity and inclusion as practiced at the University of Virginia are not viewpoint-neutral. The  UVa DEI bureaucracy, including EOCR,  is authoritarian, and proud of it.

EOCR actively tries to screen out applicants who may disagree with the University’s thought police approach to DEI. In that pursuit, they don’t just require commitment to DEI going forward.

The applicant must demonstrate previous activity.

That makes UVa a government DEI spoils/patronage system, defined as a practice to reward active supporters by appointment to government posts.

If only the University had a legal department.

The University has reason to know better.

In Rosenberger v. Rectors and Visitors of the University of Virginia (1995), the Supreme Court declared: “When the government targets not subject matter but particular views taken by speakers on a subject, the violation of the First Amendment is all the more blatant. Viewpoint discrimination is thus an egregious form of content discrimination. The government must abstain from regulating speech when the specific motivating ideology or the opinion or perspective of the speaker is the rationale for the restriction. [Emphasis added.]

“All the more blatant” indeed.

In R.A.V. vs. City of St. Paul, a cross-burning case, the Court found that the city

has proscribed fighting words of whatever manner that communicate messages of racial, gender, or religious intolerance. Selectivity of this sort creates the possibility that the city is seeking to handicap the expression of particular ideas. That possibility would alone be enough to render the ordinance presumptively invalid, but St. Paul’s comments and concessions in this case elevate the possibility to a certainty.”

The Court concluded, Let there be no mistake about our belief that burning a cross in someone’s front yard is reprehensible. But St. Paul has sufficient means at its disposal to prevent such behavior without adding the First Amendment to the fire.

I suspect the Supreme Court would not be amused by a second trip into its docket by the University of Virginia on the same violation.

I suspect also that any federal district court could quickly sort it out based on ample precedent.

Take a minute to read the guide for Evaluating (prospective employee) Statements on Contributions to Inclusive Excellence. That offers an unvarnished political litmus test.

The First Amendment protects against viewpoint discrimination in government employment.  In Duda v. Elder, 10th Cir., No. 20-1416 (July 27, 2021), the 10th Circuit commented:

the sheriff engaged in viewpoint discrimination—’an egregious form of content discrimination that occurs when the specific motivating ideology or the opinion or perspective of the speaker is the rationale for the restriction’ and that violates the core of the First Amendment.

From the First Amendment Encyclopedia of the Free Speech center comes the most direct definition and discussion of the illegality of viewpoint discrimination:

Viewpoint discrimination is a form of content discrimination particularly disfavored by the courts. When the government engages in content discrimination, it is restricting speech on a given subject matter. When it engages in viewpoint discrimination, it is singling out a particular opinion or perspective on that subject matter for treatment unlike that given to other viewpoints.

For example, if an ordinance banned all speech on the Iraq War, it would be a content-based regulation. But if the ordinance banned only speech that criticized the war, it would be a viewpoint-based regulation.

Because the government is essentially taking sides in a debate when it engages in viewpoint discrimination, the Supreme Court has held viewpoint-based restrictions to be especially offensive to the First Amendment. Such restrictions are treated as presumptively unconstitutional. [Emphasis added.]

UVa does not tolerate speech that criticizes its DEI bureaucracy, and actively harasses employees who do not kiss its ring. Ask Professor Lomasky.

The University Counsel and all Associate University Counsel are appointed by the Attorney General of Virginia, Jason Miyares. I will presume that both Governor Youngkin and General Miyares are unaware of UVa’s current hiring practices.

I cannot say the same for the Board of Visitors, University President James Ryan or University Counsel Clifton Iler.

Ryan actively supports the viewpoint discrimination on display in hiring. We are left to wonder whether the Board of Visitors knows it has gone this far.

But Iler is employed for the sole and exclusive representation of the University.

The Office of the University Counsel represents the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia in all legal and regulatory matters and provides advice and counsel to the Board of Visitors, the President, executive officers, and other administrators, faculty, and staff in their official capacities.

We wonder whether Iler is prepared to go to court to represent the University to defend its “presumptively unconstitutional” hiring practices.

I suspect we will find out soon enough.

Update Feb. 25 1320: in breaking news, the University of North Carolina announced the it is eliminating DEI support statements from its hiring requirements.  


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29 responses to “Viewpoint Discrimination in Hiring at UVa – “Presumptively Unconstitutional””

  1. Dick Hall-Sizemore Avatar
    Dick Hall-Sizemore

    As you pointed out, the University Counsel was appointed personally by the Virginia Attorney General Jason Miyares. In announcing the appointment, Miyares declared. “Cliff is a brilliant attorney with over a decade of experience in higher education and healthcare law. I am confident he will be an excellent
    addition to the University of Virginia and serve the students, faculty, staff, and Commonwealth well.” I would think that such a “brilliant” attorney with so much experience in higher education law would have advised the UVa Board of Visitors if the school’s hiring policies were “presumptively unconstitutional” and that the Board, headed by a distinguished attorney, would have listened to its lawyer. If the University Counsel had so advised the Board and the Board had chosen to ignore his advice, I would hope that the University Counsel would have informed the Attorney General of that situation.

    If the policies are so clearly unconstitutional, take the school to court.

    1. Nancy Naive Avatar
      Nancy Naive

      Depends entirely on the kind of lawyer. Some are well versed in contract law, others in criminal law, still others in constitutional law, and a small number in admiralty law…
      https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/sea%20lawyer

      1. James McCarthy Avatar
        James McCarthy

        I enjoyed my course in admiralty. Fascinating arcana terms.

        1. Nancy Naive Avatar
          Nancy Naive

          The unique concept in admiralty is that in the event of a collision, everyone is at fault PERIOD. Then, they assign percentage, resulting in some bizarre consequences.

          1. James McCarthy Avatar
            James McCarthy

            Analogous to comparative negligence results in auto accidents.

          2. Nancy Naive Avatar
            Nancy Naive

            Well, those lawyers have a special nick, “ambulance chaser”. Here we’re talking about a “sea lawyer”.

    2. James C. Sherlock Avatar
      James C. Sherlock

      “Take the school to court“. We agree. I have yesterday encouraged FIRE to do that.

    3. James C. Sherlock Avatar
      James C. Sherlock

      AG Miyares can speak for himself on this issue.

    4. James C. Sherlock Avatar
      James C. Sherlock

      What is your professional opinion of the constitutionality of UVA’s hiring provisions?

      1. Dick Hall-Sizemore Avatar
        Dick Hall-Sizemore

        OK, I’ll bite. For what
        it’s worth, it is my opinion that Uva’s hiring policies would pass constitutional
        muster.

        No one is being asked to pledge allegiance to a creed as a condition of being hired. The University
        has stated that its goals are diversity, equity, and inclusion. It is asking applicants what they have done in the past related to such goals. It would be no different than if the University stated that one of its primary values was the performance of community service by its faculty and asking applicants what types of community service they had performed in the past. Or, to take another example, the University could say that one of its values is that faculty be actively engaged in research or publishing and asking applicants what they had done along those lines.

        Furthermore, involvement in diversity, equity, and inclusion is not declared to be the deciding factor. Each hiring entity is advised to assign whatever value it feels is appropriate to these criteria in evaluating applicants.

        Finally, “diversity, equity, and Inclusion” are broad terms and applicants could demonstrate their support of such goals in many ways.

        The Rosenberg precedent you selectively cited is not on point at all. It dealt with the University denying the use of university funding for a student publication because it espoused a Christian viewpoint. Applicants are not being asked their viewpoints; they are being asked what they have done related to goals the University has decided are important.

      2. Dick Hall-Sizemore Avatar
        Dick Hall-Sizemore

        OK, I’ll bite. For what
        it’s worth, it is my opinion that Uva’s hiring policies would pass constitutional
        muster.

        No one is being asked to pledge allegiance to a creed as a condition of being hired. The University
        has stated that its goals are diversity, equity, and inclusion. It is asking applicants what they have done in the past related to such goals. It would be no different than if the University stated that one of its primary values was the performance of community service by its faculty and asking applicants what types of community service they had performed in the past. Or, to take another example, the University could say that one of its values is that faculty be actively engaged in research or publishing and asking applicants what they had done along those lines.

        Furthermore, involvement in diversity, equity, and inclusion is not declared to be the deciding factor. Each hiring entity is advised to assign whatever value it feels is appropriate to these criteria in evaluating applicants.

        Finally, “diversity, equity, and Inclusion” are broad terms and applicants could demonstrate their support of such goals in many ways.

        The Rosenberg precedent you selectively cited is not on point at all. It dealt with the University denying the use of university funding for a student publication because it espoused a Christian viewpoint. Applicants are not being asked their viewpoints; they are being asked what they have done related to goals the University has decided are important.

    5. James C. Sherlock Avatar
      James C. Sherlock

      Update Feb. 25 1320: in breaking news, the University of North Carolina announced the it is eliminating DEI support statements from its hiring requirements.

      1. James McCarthy Avatar
        James McCarthy

        “They say that breaking up is hard to do.”

  2. Dick Hall-Sizemore Avatar
    Dick Hall-Sizemore

    As you pointed out, the University Counsel was appointed personally by the Virginia Attorney General Jason Miyares. In announcing the appointment, Miyares declared. “Cliff is a brilliant attorney with over a decade of experience in higher education and healthcare law. I am confident he will be an excellent
    addition to the University of Virginia and serve the students, faculty, staff, and Commonwealth well.” I would think that such a “brilliant” attorney with so much experience in higher education law would have advised the UVa Board of Visitors if the school’s hiring policies were “presumptively unconstitutional” and that the Board, headed by a distinguished attorney, would have listened to its lawyer. If the University Counsel had so advised the Board and the Board had chosen to ignore his advice, I would hope that the University Counsel would have informed the Attorney General of that situation.

    If the policies are so clearly unconstitutional, take the school to court.

  3. James McCarthy Avatar
    James McCarthy

    How could the Gov, AG, and U counsel be ignorant of the “proven” (by Sherlock) of blatant discrimination? Don’t they read BR?

    1. James C. Sherlock Avatar
      James C. Sherlock

      You are deflecting. What is your professional opinion of the constitutionality of those hiring qualifications, counselor?

      1. James McCarthy Avatar
        James McCarthy

        I think you should attend law school and practice for a decade before rendering legal opinions, especially on novel constitutional interpretations. I am not qualified to command a naval vessel.

        1. Nancy Naive Avatar
          Nancy Naive

          Or a hospital, or a school, or a State’s natural resources, etc., etc., which is why no one will hire you for those jobs even if you apply.

          But… you can latch on to the latest buzzword and write about it using copy and paste and publish on the internet.

          Not that anyone would do that.

        2. James C. Sherlock Avatar
          James C. Sherlock

          I trust that the Supreme Court Justices went to law school.

  4. disqus_VYLI8FviCA Avatar
    disqus_VYLI8FviCA

    I am both happy and vindicated to no longer be a donor to UVa. Delighted instead to donate to more grounded organizations with leaders who are not followers of the unthinking herd. Good luck in court, UVa, you will need it.

  5. Thomas Dixon Avatar
    Thomas Dixon

    All state agencies discriminate. The sign in front of many say “minorities and women encouraged to apply”. Can’t get much more blatant than that.

    1. f/k/a_tmtfairfax Avatar
      f/k/a_tmtfairfax

      I don’t see that as a problem. Reaching out to various demographic groups seems reasonable so long as it’s not coupled with favoritism towards members of such groups in the selection process. But that is a fine line.

    2. LarrytheG Avatar

      So do Corporates and private institutions like Liberty. Right?

    3. Not with you there Mr. Dixon. There’s a difference between encouraging minorities to apply and “x” need not apply.

  6. Eric the half a troll Avatar
    Eric the half a troll

    Now do Liberty University…

  7. Good lord. This blog should really discontinue making legal judgments without an actual lawyer on staff.

  8. The Constitution belongs to all Americans, not just lawyers. It is also “higher” than other laws, which must stay within its confines. The Left, however, wants to reduce say, the First Amendment in favor of ideas such as DEI (because those are kindly motivated). No wonder some (many? Most?) law students learn that the Constitution is “living,” which is an argument for lawyers and judges making up the law as they go along, as opposed to drawing within the lines — the Constitution. (Confirmed for me in a conversation with a Harvard grad with PhD AND Law degrees.) Stay tuned as President Biden tries to convince the Supreme Court that he can snap his fingers and abolish student debt.

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