This Tax Credit Saves the State $8.5 Million

Source: “Scholarship Tax Credits in Virginia”

by James A. Bacon

The Virginia Education Improvement Scholarship Tax Credit Program, which provides state tax credits for charitable donations to approved foundations, saves the Commonwealth $1.78 for every $1.00 in lost tax revenue, concludes a study by Richmond-based Mangum Economics.

In tax year 2019, reduced public school enrollment generated $19.5 million in state savings with a net positive fiscal impact of $8.5 million after accounting for the lost tax revenue, according to the study, “Scholarship Tax Credits in Virginia.

The study was sponsored by the Thomas Jefferson Institute for Public Policy (TJI), Virginia Council for Private Education, McMahon Parater Scholarship Foundation, Catholic Diocese of Arlington, Virginia Catholic Conference, Anna Julia Cooper School, Virginia Jewish Day Schools, Association of Christian Schools International, and Renewanation.

Not only does the tax credit create educational opportunities for children from lower-income families — beneficiaries must have family household incomes below 300% of the federal poverty guidelines — the program is “good for the bottom line of the state treasury,” says TJI President Chris Braunlich.

Individuals or businesses making monetary or marketable securities donations to approved Scholarship Foundations may claim a state tax credit equal to 65% of the donation. The state caps the credits at $25 million for each fiscal year.

In calculating the fiscal impact, however, the study make some significant assumptions: 90% of the scholarship recipients decided to attend private schools as a direct result of the scholarships while 10% would have attended anyway; and 90% of the donations are allocated to scholarships, with only 10% going to administrative costs. The study did not provide an estimate of local tax revenues saved by the reduced enrollment or lost federal dollars for schools.

The tax credits have increased in recent years — reaching almost $11 million in Fiscal Year 2019. That year, 4,381 students received scholarships. Localities making the greatest use of the tax credit were:

Richmond — 390 students
Norfolk — 347 students
Virginia Beach — 339 students
Roanoke – 311 students
Henrico County — 235 students
Fairfax County — 190 students
Chesterfield County — 176 students
Chesapeake — 159 students
Bedford County — 154 students
Prince William County — 152 students
Albemarle County — 112 students
Lynchburg — 107 students

Bacon’s bottom line: The scholarship tax credit program is a win for everyone — well, everyone except teachers unions and educators who want to preserve the public school monopoly. The state comes out ahead financially, as the study documents. Scholarship recipients come out ahead.  Local school districts, which are able to spread local financial commitments over a smaller number of students, come out ahead. Insofar as per-pupil spending is correlated with academic achievement (admittedly a very small correlation), even public school students come out ahead.

At present the tax credit is running far short of the $25 million cap. Given the atrocious performance of many school districts — implementation of reverse-racism ideologies (let’s call “anti-racism” what it really is) and COVID-related school closings — thousands of families are likely desperate to put their children in private schools. I expect demand for the scholarships to continue surging, even as the COVID epidemic recedes.

If Bacon’s Rebellion readers want to support a worthy educational cause, they should consider rechanneling their donations from effete, elite and uber-woke private schools, colleges and universities to provide freedom of choice to Virginians in the bottom half of the income spectrum.


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26 responses to “This Tax Credit Saves the State $8.5 Million”

  1. Nancy Naive Avatar
    Nancy Naive

    “In tax year 2019, reduced public school enrollment generated $19.5 million in state savings with a net positive fiscal impact of $8.5 million after accounting for the lost tax revenue, according to the study…”

    Hey, I got an idea…

    1. Stephen Haner Avatar
      Stephen Haner

      Now, now, don’t forget the law of diminishing returns. Hey, this is a great deal and I’ve done it, made the donations to a local private school (not the one the grandsons attend, but one aimed at the Church Hill neighborhood.) The credit is constantly under attack, of course.

      1. Nancy Naive Avatar
        Nancy Naive

        For some reason, credits always are.

      2. energyNOW_Fan Avatar
        energyNOW_Fan

        If this is the program I am thinking of, the state tax credit is unbelievable like 60%. Is this what we are talking about? If so that is better known as a tax loop-hole. I am not above doing it myself, but …just saying

        1. LarrytheG Avatar
          LarrytheG

          The basic premise of this study is here:

          ” MIGRATION RATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

          The percentage of students that decide to switch to private schooling as a result of receiving a scholarship, or the migration rate, is a direct measure of the efficacy of the program.A low migration rate suggests that families are less responsive to changes in the price of tuition, which results in less fiscal savings. The state loses tax revenue only to influence a small portion of scholarship recipients. On the other hand, a high migration rate suggests that families are very responsive to lower tuition costs. This leads to higher fiscal savings as the scholarships play an active role in moving students from public to private education.Comparable reports seeking to quantify the fiscal impact of school choice programs in other states often assume the migration rate to be higher than 90 percent.”

          Long story short – the study claims that 90% of those who got the scholarships would NOT have sent their kids to private school if they had not got the scholarship.

          And they support that claim by saying other states use similar numbers!

          Call me a skeptic.

          And I also am a skeptic that those earning no more than 300% of the poverty level actually have enough household income to afford private school even with a 3-4K “scholarship”.

          I suspect that this is basically a subsidy for higher income households that were already sending their kids to private school or seriously considering it.

          So, I’d like to know numbers and demographics to be convinced.

          1. LarrytheG: “I suspect that this is basically a subsidy for higher income households that were already sending their kids to private school or seriously considering it.”

            Higher-income households? The law explicitly limits beneficiaries to households earning 300% of the poverty level or less. Only in LarryWorld can those people be considered “higher income.”

            I know it’s too much to ask you to read the fine print. I’d be happy if you just read the big print.

          2. LarrytheG Avatar
            LarrytheG

            Yep. I did miss that, my bad.

            But still not sure exactly how the scholarships actually work. It sounds like some foundations might provide 100% grants or means-tested grants.

            Bottom Line – VDOE is in charge of the program and as long as they serve low income and require standardized testing, I’m supportive.

            As I’ve said before, many times, I’m in favor of competition to the public schools especially in the areas of education for the economically disadvantaged . Some public schools actually don’t do badly at this – even Sherlock confirms it but others – especially the bigger districts fall short and I support competitors as long as they have to meet similar transparency of their academic performance.

            What I oppose is private schools that would take public money (even tax cuts are public money) and don’t meet the same level of transparency as public schools.

            You say you support the same or similar but I’m not sure I’ve even seen it here in BR… if you have links that show you do, I would appreciate it.

          3. WayneS Avatar

            A 90% assumed migration rate does seem a bit aggressive.

          4. Aggressive? Only if you consider that families earning less than 300% of the federal poverty level are likely to be able to afford sending their kids to private school.

          5. LarrytheG Avatar
            LarrytheG

            Yep, agree. Can’t see any real downsides although the private schools seem to have less requirements to report academic results and not sure what happens if kids don’t meet SOL benchmarks.

  2. WayneS Avatar

    I think it’s Mangum Economics, not Magnum…

    1. Stephen Haner Avatar
      Stephen Haner

      Fixed….Fletcher thanks you.

      Jim or the release didn’t explain how it works. For every $1 you give, you get a state tax credit of 65 cents….which basically eliminates the state tax on about $11 taxable income. If you itemize federal taxes, there is that benefit, too.

      1. energyNOW_Fan Avatar
        energyNOW_Fan

        OK yes 65% is one helluva state tax credit.

        Apparently a few other states have similar programs, but Virginia takes the cake on the 65%.

        In the past, you could actually make money on the “donation” by deducting the whole donation amount on the Federal. I believe, as part of TCJA (Trumps tax cuts), the IRS said you can only legally deduct the non-tax-credit amount (35%), Perhaps deducting the whole amount is still possible for the education gifts, I forget.

        But still, if you are well off and have appreciated stocks to give, this is basically a loophole. Last I knew, there were other similar Virginia programs for qualifying state charities. I was considering doing it, but did not do so yet. There was slim pickins among NoVA charities, sounds more popular down state,

  3. LarrytheG Avatar
    LarrytheG

    Savings compared to what? If someone sends their kid to a private school – both the State and the locality save 100% of that cost. no?

    So this really sounds like a de-facto subsidy from taxpayers who get to write off a substantial portion and I do wonder if a parent can “donate” to a foundation and in return, receive some dollar amount to help reduce their own out of pocket.

    How much out of pocket is required and does this really enable lower income folks if they still don’t have enough out of pocket even after the subsidy?

    In other words, is this really more helpful to those who have higher incomes?

    Beyond that , as pointed out prior, unless the private school reports it’s academic performance equivalent to what public schools must do, how do we know if a given school is actually performing equivalently, especially for economically disadvantaged kids who typically don’t do as well with traditional education approaches?

    Bottom line – I’m all for it if:

    1. – it truly helps lower income kids get a BETTER education than they might at a lower performing public school

    2. – We KNOW that the private school is performing equal to or better than public schools.

    1. LarrytheG Avatar
      LarrytheG

      at the VDOE site – this part seems good:

      ” Participation requirements include accreditation through the Virginia Council for Private Education (VCPE), or maintenance of an assessment system that measures scholarship recipients’ annual progress in reading and mathematics using a norm-referenced achievement test recognized by the Virginia Department of Education.”

      https://www.doe.virginia.gov/school_finance/scholarships_tax_credits/

      Now the other part – how about the income demographics of the participating households?

      Does this really provide a viable path for – say parents in Richmond who want to get their kids out of RPS?

      1. LarrytheG Avatar
        LarrytheG

        re” the concept of “migrated student” –

        ” For example, 390 Richmond City students received a scholarship for the 2018-2019 school year. Based on Virginia’s Standard of Quality guidelines and Richmond City’s determined ability to pay, the state contributes$5,187in funding per student to the City of Richmond.6If 351 students, or 90 percent of the 390 recipients, migrated to private schooling because of the scholarship, one can conclude that, all else equal,the program reduced the state funding necessary to support public school enrollment in theCity of Richmond by $1,820,637from what it otherwise would have been”

        So the average “scholarship” seems to be around $3500. How much more money does a parent have to come up with to actually pay for private school?

        1. Stephen Haner Avatar
          Stephen Haner

          “AJC is an independent, faith-based school providing full tuition scholarships to 4th – 8th grade students of limited resources in Richmond’s East End.” Many don’t pay, Larry. That’s why I send this school money, money that used to go to W&M.

          1. LarrytheG Avatar
            LarrytheG

            Then good for them – they do that regardless of whether the parents have gotten this other “scholarship”?

            Even then, they cannot take everyone and limit attendance, right?

            Do the other private schools also do this, i.e. take low income no matter ability to pay?

            I think, if true, that deserves to be recognized – a true win-win – more than just the tax-cut scholarships.

            I’d still like to see the demographic data for the tax-cut-scholarship program overall to see if there really is a significant number of low income actually benefiting and it’s not just a de-facto subsidy for higher income families.

          2. LarrytheG Avatar
            LarrytheG

            If these schools are truly taking economically-disadvantaged kids AND reporting academic results AND those schools are accountable for results – then I’m on board – per what i’ve said before about supporting low-income demographics, transparency and accountability.

            If that is actually what is going on, would like to see more posts on it.

  4. tmtfairfax Avatar
    tmtfairfax

    The Blaine Amendments, institutionalized bias based on ethnic, immigrant and religious factors. Still OK with many today.

  5. Dick Hall-Sizemore Avatar
    Dick Hall-Sizemore

    I am always skeptical of reports produced by consultants. They tend to come up with the answer desired by the entities commissioning the study.

    I can’t fault the fiscal impact analysis. It is pretty straightforward. What is missing from the report is a discussion of some of the other ramifications. (Probably because the consultants were not asked, or paid, to look at those.)

    One major omission is the effect on local school finances. The study cites a reduction in state SOQ funding of $1.8 million for the city of Richmond, resulting from a decrease in the student enrollment of 390 kids going to private schools on scholarship. Because those students would have been spread among several grades in several public schools, the city would be hard pressed to realize $1.8 million in savings resulting from that decrease in the number of students.

    Another area of omission is the demographics of the families receiving the scholarships. Are the family incomes near the poverty level or closer to the maximum allowed under the program (up to 300 percent of the poverty level)?

    I have to say that my skepticism regarding this program decreased considerably when I examined the list of approved foundations participating in the program. (It can be found here.

    https://www.doe.virginia.gov/school_finance/scholarships_tax_credits/)

    I expected to find a lot of the “prestige” schools, such as Collegiate and St. Christoper’s in the Richmond area. I was pleasantly surprised that they are not on the list. (Hampton Roads Academy in Newport News, with 100 percent of its graduates going to college, may be an exception.) The approved foundations are, for the most part, affiliated with religion-based schools, although the state’s prep military academies, Hargrave and Fork Union are included.

    To answer the questions about the demographics of the scholarship recipients and the cost to parents, I looked at the websites of a few of them. The answers: they vary.

    Two of the schools in Richmond, Church Hill Academy and Anna Julia Cooper Episcopal School, restrict their admissions to kids from low-income families. For Church Hill Academy, the family income cannot exceed 200 percent of the poverty level. For Anna Julia Cooper, the limitation is lower: no more than 150 percent of the poverty level. In addition, both schools limit their admissions largely to kids from the East End of Richmond (the poorer, blacker area). Elijah House in Richmond and Hampton Roads Academy do not have any income criteria in its admissions policies.

    As for the size of scholarships and how much parents may have to pay, Church Hill Academy and Anna Julia Cooper School provide full scholarhsips to all students. However, Church Hill Academy has announced it will have a income-based sliding scale tuition model, beginning in the 2022-2023 school year. Elijah House and Hampton Roads Academy base scholarships on family income, but neither provide full scholarships. The parent at the lowest poverty level could still face a bill of about $2,000 at those schools.

    In summary, the extent to which schools participating in the Education Improvement Scholarship Tax Credit program benefit kids in poverty varies with the school. And, not all folks are as honorable as Steve Haner, who does not contribute to the school his grandkids attend. There are probably some donors that end up getting their kids’ private education subsidized with tax credits.

    1. LarrytheG Avatar
      LarrytheG

      I would hope they would outlaw the tax-credit being used as a personal subsidy. For me, that’s enough to kill the program.

      OTOH, if some schools are taking low-income family kids for whatever the families can pay – with perhaps some tax-credit scholarship help – then I’d be on board with that.

      On the loss of funding. If a kid is essentially doomed if forced to stay in a poor performing school, I have to wonder what it will take for that system to do right for those kids and if not, then cede that responsibility to a competitor.

      I get a case of mega heartburn when I hear the schools putting out a million dollars for astro-turf while they have problems with their SOLs.

      If they choose astroturf over these low income kids, then let them worry about their budget.

      The same goes for the private school – reports results , educate the kid or suffer the same sanctions that public schools should.

      Of course, that competitor needs to produce results and we need to ensure that they do have to report those results.

  6. energyNOW_Fan Avatar
    energyNOW_Fan

    So some quick math-
    You donate $10,000
    But you now get $6500 Virginia state tax credit
    Let’s say you are in 38% Fed tax bracket
    Your Federal itemization on $10000 donation saves you $3800.
    So your net out-of-pocket = zero (you actually make $300 donating $10000)

    I believe (but not sure) TCJA/IRS recent years disallowed deducting the full amount, so now you deduct just $3500 on the Fed return. So in this case, you are out of pocket $2170 for the $10k donation.

    But if you have appreciated stocks which you need to sell, this is still very attractive because you avoid Fed taxes on the stock sale. If Biden increases LTCG taxes as promised, then this “donation” scheme could still make you more money than it costs you.

    1. LarrytheG Avatar
      LarrytheG

      So, can you actually deduct this on a Federal return?
      If it’s a true 501 c charity, yes.

      good analysis – thanks!

      1. energyNOW_Fan Avatar
        energyNOW_Fan

        Yes this is kind of rich person’s scheme you give $10000 and you save potentially $10300 in taxes.

        Math may be a little less favorable now, but on the other hand, it helps out with Virginia’s new conformity to SALT by allowing larger itemized deductions etc. Also if Biden increases Gap Gains tax it becomes a more important tax shelter again.

        I just gotta figure elected officials love to use this, and maybe they get donations of appreciated stock to really make it work in their favor. That’s just the way I think.

        1. energyNOW_Fan Avatar
          energyNOW_Fan

          Now the fact that some schools and charities are depending on this type of Virginia-special scheme, we have to be a little careful how to unwind it, if we do that.

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