State of the Commonwealth: Taxes

Following up on his announcement of earlier this week, Gov. Timothy M. Kaine used his State of the Commonwealth speech to plug two narrowly targeted tax cuts.

One initiative would raise the filing threshold for state income tax from $7,000 to $12,000 for an individual and from $14,000 to $24,000 for married couples. That would eliminate income tax liability for an estimated 147,000 Virginians.

I have mixed emotions. On the one hand, I’d like a little income tax relief myself. The 2004 “tax reform” stuck it to wage earners in my income bracket. Plus, Gov. Kaine wants to raise another $850 million in revenues, much of it new taxes on the middle class. (Let’s not even talk about the federal income tax, with its highly progressive “clawbacks.”) On the other hand, I’ll say this: Easing the tax burden is a better way to help the poor and working class than creating new entitlement programs.

Kaine’s other idea is a very bad one: He proposes a constitutional amendment that would allow local governments to exempt up to 20 percent of the value of an owner-occupied home or farm, providing targeted tax relief to homeowners. The idea, I guess, is to shift the tax burden to commercial businesses. This comes from the same guy who, earlier in his speech, bragged about Virginia’s recognition as “the most business-friendly state in America”.

Cognitive dissonance, anyone?

Wherever such tax relief was passed, it would only increase the “beggar thy neighbor” competition between local governments for commercial development, and it would only aggravate the perverse perception that residential development doesn’t “pay its way.” If you want to intensify the paucity of affordable and accessible housing in Virginia, this is one sure-fire way to do it.


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3 responses to “State of the Commonwealth: Taxes”

  1. Anonymous Avatar

    Jim – Let me play devils advocate on Kaine’s proposal to shift a portion of the real estate burden to commercial taxpayers. Fairfax County taxpayers have subsidized the commercial real estate industry for years by funding the Economic Development Authority’s advertising budget by $6.8 M (current figure). Whenever residential taxpayers complain, we are told that this advertising keeps down residential real estate taxes. (Which are up, BTW, 85-90% over the last seven years or so.) However, at least through the current year’s budget, the proportion of real estate taxes paid by commercial properties in Fairfax County is only slightly above 17%, down from the high 20s in the late 80s – early 90s. Moreover, this percentage is at the lowest level in 20 some years, as I recall. Finally, the EDA does bring jobs to Fairfax County, but an overwhelmingly large number of them are held by people who live outside the county and drive here daily to work. Now we are told that we need to pay higher taxes to expand our roads so that these fine people can get to and from work quicker. I’m struggling to see the benefits of this expenditure for Fairfax County residents.

    On the other hand, if Kaine’s proposal took effect and effectively shifted 20% of the Fairfax County real estate tax from residents to the commercial sector, there might well be positive benefits from taxpayer funding of the EDA. Kaine’s proposal might fix an unfairness.

    Second, a sizable segment of the Virginia business community is always first in line arguing in Richmond and before the Fairfax County BoS for higher taxes. I was always taught to put my money where my mouth is. Those seeking higher taxes for others ought to be willing to pay higher taxes themselves.

    Third, today few businesses care about excessive and wasteful government spending. Indeed, some of them survive because of it. By shifting more the costs for local government to the business community, more businesses will start to take note of how money is spent by local government. We could see business pressure for more efficient government at the local level.

    Fourth, Virginia’s secret to business success seems to be, in large part, federal appropriations, rather than any business climate per se.

    Fifth, many other states permit different real estate tax rates/formula for business and residents. The world hasn’t ended in those locations. Why would it end in Virginia.

    Having said this, I still haven’t made up my mind on Kaine’s proposal.

  2. Jim Bacon Avatar

    TMT, those are all valid points as far as they go. But what I can’t emphasize enough is extent to which local government gamesmanship — maximizing commercial development and discouraging residential development — is a root cause of the leap-frogging, scattered, low-density development that drives the transportation crisis. As each locality seeks to maximize its tax base, they create the unbalanced communities that Ed Risse talks about. Arlington, Alexandria and Fairfax are job heavy and house light. The reverse applies in Prince William, Loudoun and the other outer counties. That’s a big reason why the primary roads and other arteries are so badly clogged at rush hour.

    Kaine’s proposal, if acted upon by local government, would more than undo the good of all the other land use reforms he proposes.

  3. Anonymous Avatar

    Jim, I understand your points. But there are good arguments on the other side (i.e., supporting Kaine’s proposal). One more is Ramsey Pricing, at least in NoVA. Given the fact that so many businesses in NoVA are here because of the federal government (mine in D.C. is too), the demand curve for commercial real estate in this area is more inelastic than in many other areas of the country. That suggests more money can be raised by taxing commercial real estate more heavily than residential real estate.

    I’m sure the company from which I rent space in D.C., which, in turn, rents from the building owner, charges me rent that covers real estate taxes (the market is still pretty strong in D.C.). More important, D.C. provides individuals with a homestead tax credit. Thus, users of commercial real estate in D.C. are paying higher real estate taxes than ordinary citizens. And this does not seem to be driving those of us who have a federal government-centered business away.

    Kaine might be right on this issue.

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