INFRASTRUCTURE MANIA

!! AARRRGH !!

Oh, the frustration!

As Peter Galuszka has noted, EMR has not posted much at BRB of late.

This is NOT just due to travel, holidays, snow or even the process of aging.

At SYNERGY there are a number of new projects and Perspectives well on the way to publication BUT

The PLAN was to get out the next version of CITIZEN MEDIA that includes THE LITMUS TEST before other items were published.

Many of those who have worked on THE LITMUS TEST (TLT) believe TLT is an important step toward protecting intellectual inquiry from Idea Spam – as distinguished from Personal Relationship Spam and Enterprise Spam which are two more widely recognized forms of electronic communication pollution.

TLT is intended to provide a firewall to protect citizens not just from Idea Spam but from Intentional Information Sabotage.

Alas, progress on the CITIZEN MEDIA redraft is slow; TOO SLOW when there is an immediate threat that can undermine peace, security, economic prosperity, social stability and environmental sustainability in the Commonwealth and across the US.

That danger is INFRASTRUCTURE MANIA. Agencies are about to waste $ Trillions on infrastructure.

Both the Elephant Clan and the Donkey Clan are posed to dump outrageous sums on outrageously wasteful infrastructure in the name of ‘jobs,’ ‘recovery’ and ‘economic growth’

The President’s State of the Union speech contains non-specific language proposing nation-wide ‘action.’

In the Commonwealth, The Clown Show is about endorse pandering politicians scheme to dump $4 Billion onto a road builders, equipment suppliers and land speculators wish list.

Mr. Bacon has focused on the debt that will flow from this activity. This IS a major concern, BUT…

Debt and lining political contributors pockets is just the tip of the iceberg.

STRAWS IN THE WIND

Earlier this week when Neal Pierce (Washington Writers Group) published “New Infrastructure Strategy: Yes, Build – BUT” EMR hoped that he could just cite Pierce toss out an attaboy and keep working on CITIZEN MEDIA. http://citiwire.net/post/2496

No such luck. Neal’s ‘buts’ are valid BUT pale compared to the real reasons to be concerned about wasting Trillions of dollars on ‘infrastructure.’

INFRASTRUCTURE TO SUPPORT WHAT?

As explored at more length below in the section on GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE, infrastructure is NOT a free standing thing. What is called “infrastructure” is ONLY REALLY INFRASTRUCTURE if supports a needed and functional STRUCTURE – in this case, the built environment to support human civilization (aka, functional human settlement patterns).

Otherwise it is just a waste of time and money.

As spelled out in THE PROBLEM WITH CARS – PART THREE of TRILO-G the Autonomobile is a primary cause of dysfunctional human settlement patterns. Why build more of what made Urban settlement patterns dysfunctional?

WHAT COMES AFTER THE AUTONOMOBILE? (Forthcoming) is a follow up to THE PROBLEM WITH CARS which articulates the physical and economic reasons why Large, Private vehicles cannot provide Mobility and Access to Urban citizens.

One of the key reasons is that:

At the present time half of the working adults in the US cannot afford to buy and maintain a Large, Private Vehicle that is fuel efficient AND safe to drive on the Interstate Highway System.

In the context of:

● The rising cost of energy and Peak Petroleum, and

● The demonstrated inability of Agencies to build and maintain infrastructure required to operate Large, Private Vehicles;

There obviously must be a successor to the Autonomobile if Urban citizens are to have Access and Mobility.

These facts also mean that Agencies must solve the Affordable and Accessible Housing Crisis if there is to be a solution to the Mobility and Access Crisis.

Both are solved ONLY if there are functional, Balanced and sustainable human settlements.

Building more of the infrastructure that caused settlement pattern dysfunction will not just create more debt, it will make EVENTUALLY solving the Affordable and Accessible Housing Crisis and the Mobility and Access Crisis much more expensive, and perhaps impossible.

THE ROADWAY CHOIR

How does one know that Billions at the Regional scale and Trillions at the nation-state scale need to be thrown at ‘the infrastructure problem?’

The Roadway Choir has been singing that song for decades.

The annual reaffirmation of faith in the Access and Mobility Myth from the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) arrive on 20 January. TTI’s Urban Mobility Report STILL has the same tragic flaws that were pointed out in Column # 39 (of 131) “Spinning Data, Spinning Wheels” back on 20 September 2004.

It also continues to be used to justify spending money to solve the WRONG problem as pointed out in “Driven Apart” See DRIVEN APART, FINALLY at BRB 6 October 2010.

(By the way, the comments following this post document need for THE LITMUS TEST as noted by CRS at the end of the comments.)

In a ONE PAGE follow-up to Driven Apart, Julia NAILS the problems with the TTI report. Note the reference to “land use patterns.” Read it and weep.

http://www.ceosforcities.org/news/entry/2958/2010-umr-remains-a-flawed-and-misleading-guide-to-urban-transportation

The Transportation Research (sic) Board (TRB) annual meeting was just held in the Federal District. The TRB meeting is the annual pilgrimage of The Roadway Choir to the Mecca of transportation funding and dysfunction. Ken Orski reports The Roadway Choir is STILL in full throat with the same old songs. (EMRs favorite is “Give Us More Money to Spend on the Roadway to Gridlock,” a true classic!)

(Observer has suggests that if VDOT spent as much on SLUG LINES each month as they did on hotel bills and entertainment at TRB, they would reduce congestion twice as much – by any useful measure – as the $4 Billion serving of asphalt pork. Yes there are some Shared Vehicle System spices but the real money is in Autonomobile pork. See http://www.slug-lines.com/

THE ENVIROS

Those who claim to be the Anti-Roadway Choir are not helping much.

In the context of the $4 Billion pork package a leader of the environment / smarter growth crowd is quoted as saying:

“Our nation is broke – we cannot afford to try to build our way out of congestion”

That statement sends the WRONG message. There are many who still believe with enough tax cuts for the rich and reductions in NPR spending, ‘our nation’ will be rich…

To paraphrase Will Owen: “No matter how much money is thrown at the problem, there are almost NO infrastructure solutions to the Mobility and Access Crisis.” See Chapters 13,14 and 25 of THE SHAPE OF THE FUTURE, THE PROBLEM WITH CARS – PART THREE of TRILO-G and WHAT FOLLOWS THE AUTONOMOBILE (Forthcoming).

Saying ‘the nation is broke’ (which Bacon and others say is yet some ways off) is continuing the practice by what is now called “The Environmental NGOs and their Enterprise Partners” to reach for the LOW HANGING RHETORICAL FRUIT.

The message must be FUNDAMENTAL TRANSFORMATION!

Ya HEAR?

CONVENTIONAL OBLIVIOUSNESS

Then there are well-meaning but poorly informed who clap for The Roadway Choir.

Two comments on BRB will illustrate this problem.

In the comments following “The Vice Tightens,” 14 January:

At 9:01 AM on 15 Jan 11:

“Jim, you and EMR have some very interesting long term ideas about transportation and land use. However, your ideas will take a long
time to organize, enact, plan and implement. And those are just the pre-requisite steps before the ideas start to have an impact. In the meantime?”

These ideas are NOT “long term.” As noted REPEATEDLY the biggest change will be inside the heads of those who believe Business-As-Usual is an intelligent or sustainable strategy.

And at 9:11 AM on 15 Jan 11:

“As an aside, here are the transportation projects which could be funded by the additional debt.”

Citing a VDOT laundry list is just clapping for The Roadway Choir.

ON HIGH SPEED RAIL

One of the things current administration has gotten right about infrastructure is to appoint Ray LaHood as Secretary of US DOT. For a very good summary of the perspective of Joe Boardman AmTrak’s President.

http://www.masstransitmag.com/print/Mass-Transit/Backbone-of-an-Industry/1$13234

Boardman does a fine job of putting rial and High Speed Rail (HSR) in context of US infrastructure needs. One problem he doe not focus on the key to HSR success – the pattern and density of land use within half a mile of the HSR platforms, including across the platform transfers to other Shared Vehicle Systems. (Full disclosure: Although EMR does not think he has ever met Boardman, because of where he has worked before AmTrak, there are probably at least a dozen shared acquaintances.)

In the same issue of Mass Transit Magazine there is a great (greatly misleading) story about how to end oil dependence. T. Boone Pickens says “Hydrofrac the whole country” and it will result in a 100 year supply of fuel for Large, Private Vehicles.” And after 100 years, hydrofraced water tables (Thank you MGM) and investment in a whole new energy infrastructure with MORE DYSFUNCTIONAL Urban settlement patterns ?

Well, Collapse.

http://www.masstransitmag.com/print/Mass-Transit/Ending-Our-Oil-Dependence/1$13235

In a 4 Dec 10 post on his Boomergeddon Blog, Jim Bacon jumped on “the railroad to nowhere” band wagon.

http://boomergeddon.us/wordpress/2010/12/04/the-rail-line-to-nowhere/#comments

Not wanting to let this pass, EMR posted the following comment which sums up his view on HSR:

Before Jim races on to whack another mole…

First:

It is counterproductive to talk about the usefulness of ANY infrastructure investment unless it is in the context of the settlement pattern that this infrastructure is intended to support.

Second:

With respect to High Speed Rail (HSR) the settlement pattern of concern is that within half a mile of the station platforms (including across-the-platform transfers to other modes) the line between stations should take the most reasonable, least costly, lowest environmental impact route.

Third:

Any discussion of HSR must be considered in the context of whether the US policy is to evolve a functional and sustainable settlement pattern and a surface transport system to support this settlement pattern or if the nation-state policy / goal will continue to follow an unsustainable trajectory that involves subsidizing dysfunctional systems that rely on Large, Private Vehicles and Aircraft on routes of under 1000 miles.

Fourth:

One must understand the geographical context of any discussion.

California has two MegaRegions about 500 miles apart – that is the sweet spot for HSR.

Topography, physics and economics dictate that there are two ways to get from the Cores of one MegaRegion to the Cores of the other.

One route is up the Pacific Ocean side of the Coast Range which has lots of places where one would NOT want to run a REAL HSR for many economic, social and physical reasons.

The other route is via the Central Valley which has a lot of space and not much else. There are very similar, low intensity areas along the HSR between Paris and the South of France and along the major HSR lines in Spain e.g Madrid to Barcelona.

If there is to be HSR between the two MegaRegions it needs to be up the Central Valley. The choice of starting a segment is due more to what is ‘shovel ready’ than where the trip demand is or will be.

Fifth:

Ken Orski (quoted in the original post) and those he spends his time with were and are scared witless that HSR will syphon off money from their beloved roadway pork barrels.

And So:

HSR anywhere or a California HSR may or may not be a prudent use of federal stimulus dollars.

But it is not a “bridge to nowhere.”

This is pure whack a mole aka, tossing rocks at empty pigeon holes.

EMR

Jim responded the that he agreed on the substance. So EMR jumped on his Citizen Media soap box.

Jim:

As usual we agree on the substance.

But it is the substance that needs to be the focus of discussion.

Whack-A-Mole and Tossing Rocks only builds the wall between substance / fact / science and fosters The Anger of Ignorance.

AntiPartisanship is the right path but citizens of the US are still over fat and over satisfied by years of Mass OverConsumption and they are not yet ready to stop the Whack-A-Mole and Tossing Rocks At Empty Pigeon Holes (TRAEPH – someone could do something with those letters… perhaps TRAP?)

By the time they are ready will there be any resources left to build on? Will the genetic proclivities that got humans to this point prevent them from reaching a sustainable trajectory?

EMR sees no answer beyond the scale of the Alpha Community (ALPHA VIL 21 and THE CURRENT TRAJECTORY) but sustainability STRARTS at the New Urban Region scale and for those in MegaRegions, perhaps is not possible at smaller scales.

Keep up the good work, abandon the Whacker and the Rocks.

EMR

GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

While on the topic of ‘infrastructure,’ GREEN Infrastructure has a nice sound but, as SYNERGY has noted in the past, green infrastructure is not an end-all and be-all.

The “inaugural” National Green Infrastructure Conference 2011 sponsored by The Conservation Fund will be held in 23 to 25 February in Shepherdstown, West Virginia. (Those environmental NGO’s and their Enterprise Partners again?) If you read the hype (conference “agenda”), one would think green infrastructure IS a end-all and be-all.

Creating functional and sustainable green infrastructure is a fine idea. In fact it is a vital goal on the path to a sustainable trajectory for human civilization as it has evolved to it’s status in January 2011.

Viable green infrastructure is supported by almost everyone except those who see functional settlement patterns as a conspiracy to rob citizens of their personal right to live off of subsidies that support spacial dysfunction – specifically the “Agenda 21″ crowd.

Green infrastructure – by whatever name – is necessary to support humans and the environment upon which humans depend for air, water, food and shelter. However, before green infrastructure is anointed as the end-all and be-all driver of land use decisions, let us be clear:

Green infrastructure is not alone. There is ALSO a need for black infrastructure (sidewalks, paths, streets, roadways, rails, bridges and tunnels), blue infrastructure (water supply and precipitation management), gray infrastructure (waste water, solid waste and air pollutant management), red infrastructure (energy generation, transmission and distribution), purple infrastructure (cultural, historical, psychological, aesthetic and amenity) and invisible infrastructure (the electromagnetic spectrum).

All are critical to support modern Urban humans and to protect the natural system upon which all life depends. Given the current role of Homo sapiens on the planet, black, blue, gray, red, purple, green
and invisible infrastructures must be designed to support FUNCTIONAL human settlement patterns.

Currently settlement patterns are DYSFUNCTIONAL from economic, social and physical perspectives. Freezing in place major components of green infrastructure in that context is counterproductive, if not suicidal.

That is the case because there is already far more land devoted to Urban land uses than can be efficiently used in the foreseeable future.

Those scattered Urban uses of land cannot be supported by any infrastructure – black, blue, gray, red, purple, green or invisible. The only cohort that focusing on one infrastructure component at a time – and without regard to the structure to be served – benefits are those who hold land speculatively in the hopes of future demand for MORE scattered Urban land uses.

Before deciding what and where green infrastructure should go, consideration must be given to functional settlement patterns for 95 percent of the population who can efficiently occupy for their daily activities ONLY about 5 percent of the land area of the lower 48 in the US. That leaves 95 percent of the land area for green, blue and purple activities.

Intelligent design of functional human settlement patterns rarely conflicts with functional green, blue or purple infrastructure. However, green infrastructure in the wrong place can render human settlement patterns dysfunctional. See USE AND MANAGEMENT OF LAND – PART FOUR of TRILO-G.

INVISIBLE INFRASTRUCTURE

It is foolhardy to design ANY infrastructure in a vacuum just as it is foolhardy to over design black infrastructure to serve Autonomobiles.

As those who understand the Access and Mobility Myth know, it is not possible for citizens in Regional agglomerations to live where they want, work where they want, seek services where they want and then have Agencies, Enterprises or Institutions design black infrastructure to get them where they want to go when the want to go there and arrive in a timely manner.

It is becoming clear that the same is true for the invisible infrastructure. See the front page story of the 30 Nov WaPo Health and Science section which asks:

“Are we headed for a smartphone meltdown? As demand for the data-hungry [actually band-width hungry] devices skyrockets, mobile networks risk collapse : Cellphone traffic needs wider road.”

This story is written from the perspective of the telecoms who what more bandwidth for their most lucrative services. The story sounds like it could have been penned by Autonomobile advocates – The Roadway Choir. It is just not possible for “everyone” to have band width hungry devices that work at the same time especially with millions of pages of “content farms” being planted every day.

Ironically, on the front page of the A section of the very same edition of WaPo is answer:

“With faster cellphones come souped-up bills: New cellphone options, in a language foreign to many.”

Invisible infrastructure charge should reflect actual use and then scarce resources will be fairly allocated. It is called “the market.” (Yes, there must be a decision arrived at by democratic processes for what ‘everyone’ should have access to and then beyond that, the more you use, the more you pay. E.g. everyone gets PDFs to support useful activity free, everyone pays for the download of movies and entertainment and the bigger the download, the more one pays.)

THE REAL MARKET SOLUTION

So, infrastructure boils down to this:

● First, functional and sustainable human settlement patterns

● Second, fair allocation of location variable costs.

Pandering politicians have taken up the chant of The Anger of Ignorance Crowd:

“No gas tax” by which they mean “no CAR tax.” What they really mean is “increase the subsidy for use of my Large, Private Vehicle.”

After all cars and Wrong Size Houses in the Wrong locations have led us out of the last seven recessions. And, while shelter values continue on a downward trajectory – especially outside Radius = 20 Miles in the Virginia portion of the National Capital SubRegion – CARS ARE COMING BACK.

Ford recorded record profits in the last quarter of 2010. Anyone who owns a business knows why. Business owners have been dunned with notices / ads about that huge tax break for “light trucks” used in their business – write off the full value in one year. If you have cash flow and an old pickup / van / SUV or one without a DuraMax engine, an Allison Transmission and dual wheels the end of 2010 was the time to buy.

GM sales are up too – in China. But watch out, China now realizes the stupidity of trying to meet citizen needs for Access and Mobility with Private Vehicles so they are now taxing SMALL cars. They do not want to clog the roads for the Communist Party leaders and the ‘entrepreneurs’ who drive Large, Private Vehicles.

Consumers are not stupid. Unsafe Nanos are sitting on sales lots in India. Recall from above, even in the US:

At the present time half of the working adults in the US cannot afford to buy and maintain a Large, Private Vehicle that is fuel efficient AND safe to drive on the Interstate Highway System.

If you think the Autonomobile industry understands the shape of the future, check out the headliners at the Washington D.C. Autoshow. And be ready for WHAT FOLLOWS THE AUTONOMOBILE (Forthcoming.)

All this renewed AUTO MANIA and INFRASTRUCTURE MANIA will come to a crashing conclusion unless citizens start to pay the full cost of their current civilization. That means there is a need for ‘some tax.’ Do not rely on Public Private Partnerships tolls to generate cash for infrastructure UNTIL there agreement of the settlement pattern that needs to be provided with Mobility and Access. THEN it will be clear that there is NO low-hanging plum projects upon which to slap tolls.

THE ROAD AHEAD

The Mobility and Access Crisis will not be solved without Fundamental Transformation of the human settlement pattern – and that includes black, blue, gray, purple, green and invisible infrastructure to support functional and sustainable human Regions and Communities, AND.

Neither the Mobility and Access Crisis nor the Affordable and Accessible Housing Crisis can be solved – nor will health care, education, public safety and national security stop being bottomless pits – until there is Fundamental Transformation of governance structure, AND.

Mass OverConsumption and the exhaustion of finite resources will not stop – a sustainable trajectory for human civilization will not be achieved – without a change in the economic system, AND

None of these Fundamental Transformations can be achieved without CITIZEN MEDIA.

In this context, recall THE BOTTOM LINE from Chapter One of the most recent version of CITIZEN MEDIA. (In light of the events in Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen note especially the roll of global, instantaneous communications.)

Citizens cannot make well informed decisions on their own best interest on ANY topic until they have a reliable source of reliable information.

That is true for Fundamental Transformation of human settlement patters,

That is true for Fundamental Transformation of governance structure (the topic Observer was addressing)

That is true for Fundamental Transformation of the economic system.

Without a reliable source of sound information democracy and market economies are not possible. This reality must be seen in the global context:

On a small planet with Global economic, social and physical interconnections, GROSS INEQUITY at the Community-, SubRegional-, Regional-, MegaRegional- and continental-scales OR between ethnic and religious groups
is NOT sustainable.

All citizens must have the opportunity to prosper based on effort, ability and acceptance of responsibility for their actions – individual and collective. Success cannot be based on gambling, happenstance and inheritance or on inequitable distribution of resources and opportunity at ANY scale.

Avoiding Collapse of civilization as-it-has-evolved and the survival for Homo sapiens comes down to understanding that:

In a ‘flat’ world with:

● wide-spread literacy,

● Global, instant communications / information dissemination, and

● Wide distribution of weapons of mass destruction / massive stockpiles of weapons of conventional destruction / ubiquitous access to weapons of inter-personal destruction:

There is no alternative but to make Fundamental Transformations of governance structure. The conflict started in Tunisia and now spreading to Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen and beyond makes this crystal clear. These conflicts are based on economic dysfunction in societies with literacy, and instantaneous global communications.

Transformations in governance structure can facilitate evolution of Fundamental Transformation of humans settlement patterns, governance structures and of economic systems. These three Transformations are imperative if citizens are to achieve a sustainable trajectory for their civilization.

The question remains:

Will the genetic proclivities toward competition, acquisition, consumption and xenophobia that got Homo sapiens to this point in their evolution prevent the emergence of an Urban society with a sustainable trajectory?

Will human beliefs and superstitions that have become hardwired into society thwart evolution of a sustainable advanced-technology based civilization, or perhaps a stable New Bronze Age or will they result in the end of human society as has evolved over the past 13,000 years?

Will those at the top of the economic food chain realize they must close the Wealth Gap to survive?

The answers will depend on whether citizens can evolve Citizen Media to provide the information they need to make intelligent decisions in the voting booth and in the marketplace.

AARRRGH!

Ok, now back to CITIZEN MEDIA

EMR


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Comments

64 responses to “INFRASTRUCTURE MANIA”

  1. Anonymous Avatar

    Good to hear that The Litmus Test will be out soon.

    AZA

  2. Anonymous Avatar

    EMR:

    I have see the T. Boone P. stuff elsewhere.

    And he calls himself an American…

    Around here that is not what he is called.

    MGM

  3. Anonymous Avatar

    Who is going to take this litmus test, and who is going to grade it?

  4. James A. Bacon Avatar
    James A. Bacon

    "Low hanging rhetorical fruit…." I like that line, and I guess I'm guilty as charged.

  5. Here's the question.

    What happens to the settlement pattern mantra as well as infrastructure needs when cars become electrified and run off the grid – the same way the urban agglomerations do?

    Even if the next generation of cars is like the Chevy volt – which manages to achieve a 50mpg overall consumption – it still represents roughly doubling our current efficiency and, in effect, putting off the day when we "run out of oil".

    At some point – in the not too distant future – hybrid cars like the Volt may be converted to Natural Gas / Propane of which we currently have a 100 year+ supply.

    The Functional Settlement Pattern strategy of waiting for energy Armageddon to force change appears to be a futile and failed approach.

    Cars have a LONG WAY to go to become more efficient – and there is every likelihood to believe that before we give up on our use of cars, that we'll make cars more and more efficient.

    I think the settlement pattern folks fundamentally do not understood the central role that mobility plays (and will always play) in civilization.

    From the time that Greek olives and Asian Tea and spices sent men in sailing ships around the world in pursuit of trade – that element of civilization has never varied in importance.

  6. I am not allowed to speak around here, but I'll say it again. We are dead last in our ability to efficiently move people and goods.

    We need enormous expenditures, NOW, to fix and improve our infrastructure, because we have not been spending enough for DECADES. This is not about sending the bill to your grandchildren, it is about giving them the tools to work with, instead of a huge deficit in infrastructure, that we created by not spending enough of our money at the appropriate time.

    That goes for green infrastructure, too.

    It is all well and good to CLAIM that some of this won't be needed if only we entirely rebuild our cities to some new model, but the fact is that is going to cost money, too.

    The same goes for green infrastructure: it is going to cost money to make the savings that green infrastructure promises. None of this is going to happen magically, or for free, when eventually everyone understands the problem.

    Any kind of urban growth boundary or clear edge is going to, and has; create enormous artificial differences in property values. The urban land barons will get rich at the expense of the rural land barons. The supposed urban green advantage will be stolen from and depend on valueless land elsewhere. We can see today places where property on one side of the street is worth ten times as much as property on the other side, because of urban growth boundaries.

    Even if you manage to keep the urban growth boundaries such that there is sufficient land for 20 years growth, what does such an idea suggest? It suggests that urban growth boundaries are going to have to move.

    The governors plan to set up taxation booths on Rte 95 at the border, is utterly stupid. It is a protectionist tariff that will be responded to in kind. Everyone going north pays a dollar; everyone going south pays a dollar. Net zero sum game except for the (private enterprise) toll takers who provide NOTHING positive to the economy.

    This is the same scam as the liquor store nonsense: a giveaway to big business, with no real benefit to the public.

    I have suggested here, several times, that anyone who is afraid of the stock market and housing market should take whatever money they have and can borrow, and go buy something tangible, like a bulldozer. It will be worth more in the near future. Now go look at John Deere and Caterpillar stock.

    Despite gloom and doom about flirting with a 10,000 Dow, it is now near 12,000.

    I say enough, already. Let's go do some work.

  7. "Cars have a LONG WAY to go to become more efficient – and there is every likelihood to believe that before we give up on our use of cars, that we'll make cars more and more efficient."

    ==================================

    Just as we don't measure or allocate as EMR would say the full cost of automobiles, neither do we measure or allocate their true value.

    Consider an article in the Sunday Post about the cost of buses. On one of the ultra cheep bus lines which are availabel in DC, a trip to new york costs only $20.

    Yet that is more than it costs in tolls and gas to just drive a car. And those bus lines depend on nearly full buses to make a profit. If multi passenger vehicles were REALLY more efficient, they should cost much LESS to use.

    But in fact, they almost always cost MORE. consider that the trip to New York is only avaialble from a few selected locations, and to a few selected locations. If you measure your trip door to door, the efficiency of the automobile becomes obvious.

  8. Has anyone every computed what a trip on the subway would cost if the subsidies were done away with?

    I know that VRE computes out at more than $20 per trip per rider and the justification is that it "gets cars off of I-95.

    well at $20 a pop – a 55 passenger commuter bus could gross $1000 per trip – minus expenses.

    VRE runs on diesel by the way – not electricity and it may carry one ton "freight" 50 miles for one gallon of diesel but the other associated costs – even just the operational ones drive the cost to $20+ per rider/trip.

  9. I think it is worse than that. As I recall when I was riding vre the fare was $6.50 and the subsidy was $22. The fare has gone up since then.

    Metro scores 45% of its operating expenses from the farebox, so double the price of your trip to find the cost. But, metro has done that by raiding the capital Maintenance budget, so multiply by four to get the actual cost.

  10. Locomotives use Number 1 diesel, which is heavier than 2-D fuel oil used in trucks and tractors. It i not has heavy as marine grade diesel (bunker C).

    Two things the railroads dont tell you in their ton-miles per gallon ad: 1) heavier fuel has more energy in it 2) Youmight get the advertized value under optimal conditions, but most of the time you don't get anywhere near that.

    And here is a scary thought: the most expesnive coal is seven times cheaper than the cheapest diesel. Railroads could save $6.4 billion dollars a year by switching to modern high efficiency coal fired steam engines.

  11. I was wondering when the true values on the Volt would come out.

    My Prius routinely racks up 52 mpg, except in cold weather, when it is a little less. That value is based on the MPG computer, not measured usage, but either way you depend on the odometer / speedometer which usually reads a little high (in most cars). I have never checked mine against a measured mile.

  12. You should see one of those VRE locomotives start on a cold morning. They lay down a heavy black cloud of soot that extends for blocks, and it takes quite a while to get one of those things warmed up to operating temperature.

  13. Larry has hit a point that EMR refuses to acknowledge, let alone address. A functional settlement pattern has to allow sufficient infrastructure for carriages. EMR thinks taxis and other shared vehicles suffice, but that will never be the case in a truley functional settlement pattern.

  14. "At the present time half of the working adults in the US cannot afford to buy and maintain a Large, Private Vehicle that is fuel efficient AND safe to drive on the Interstate Highway System."

    =================================

    But that isn't a problem with the car, thats a problem with how much maney people make. Besides, not everyone needs a behemouth to travel the interstates with at high speed.

  15. Groveton Avatar

    Dr. Risse:

    "The Clown Show", "Clown Show", "The Clown Show in Richmond" and "The General Assembly Clown Show" are all registered trademarks of Groveton, Inc. Use of these trademarks is only allowed with the express, written permission of Groovy G. Groveton, CEO of Groveton, Inc.

    However, in a huge act of public service, Groveton, Inc has decided to recind all rights to the Clown Show series of trade and service marks. These terms may now be considered as part of the public domain to be freely used by anybody. Groveton, Inc asks only that the "Clown Show Series" be directed exclusively at the Virginia General Assembly. Any other usage could void the manufacturer's warranty for "fitness of use" or "suitability of purpose".

    Thank you.

    Groovy G. Groveton
    CEO, Groveton, Inc.

  16. we do have this dichotomy though.

    How can Richmond be "clowns" when at the end of the day they manage to screw over ordinary citizens with regard to mortgages?

    Perhaps they are good as masquerading and we are gullible enough to think they are "clowning" around when, in fact, they are making rubes of us?

    Burns me up that "clowns" are swimming in influence money – garnered from the profits of screwing citizens on their mortgages –

    … the special interests are funding their General Assembly influence from the pockets of the very people they seek to continue to screw over on their mortgages.

  17. E M Risse Avatar

    EMR agrees with many of Larry’s comments posted at 9:30 AM on 31 January.

    The following are some marginal notes and THE BOTTOM LINE is at the BOTTOM.

    “Here's the question.

    “What happens to the settlement pattern mantra as well as infrastructure needs when cars become electrified and run off the grid – the same way the urban agglomerations do?”

    (NB: Larry could have answered his own question had he read the cited material but an answer is provided one more time. Under THE LITMUS TEST all that will be provided is citations.)

    THE MANTRA (AND THE PATH TO A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE) REMAINS THE SAME WITH OR WITHOUT ELECTRIC VEHICLES.

    Large, Private Vehicles – be they electrified, hydrogenated, cold fusioned or magleved – are Large AND Private AND EXPENSIVE. As noted in THE PROBLEM WITH CARS the space to drive and park Large, Private Vehicles disaggregates human settlement patterns to the point of profound dysfunction for Urban humans – 95 percent of the Households. That is especially true when it snows a few inches.

    More intelligent and amenable settlement patterns (with higher per square foot value – NOT cost) reduce the demand for vehicular travel in Large, Private Vehicles by a factor of 10 AND these settlement patterns provide for small vehicle and shared vehicles that meet the needs of Urban humans far better – as determined by cost, impact and amenity.

    As always in the future envisioned by Bacon and EMR, citizens are free to choose any settlement pattern they want SO LONG AS THEY PAY THE FULL COST.

    At the present time half of the working adults in the US cannot afford to buy and maintain a Large, Private Vehicle that is fuel efficient AND safe to drive on the Interstate Highway System.

    No sane person thinks the cost of energy and the cost of vehicles, including the cost of GEE WHIZ technology will go DOWN unless there is a crash of catastrophic proportions – FAR WORSE THAT BOOMERGEDDON.

    Go no farther than Tunis, Alexandria, Amman or Beirut to understand that:

    In a ‘flat’ world with:

    ● wide-spread literacy,

    ● Global, instant communications / information dissemination, and

    ● Wide distribution of weapons of mass destruction / massive stockpiles of weapons of conventional destruction / ubiquitous access to weapons of inter-personal destruction:

    There is NO alternative but to make Fundamental Transformations in governance structure.

    Transformations in governance structure can facilitate evolution of Fundamental Transformation of humans settlement patterns and of economic systems. These three Transformations are imperative if citizens are to achieve a sustainable trajectory for their civilization.

    The question remains:

    Will the genetic proclivities toward competition, acquisition, consumption and xenophobia that got Homo sapiens to this point in their evolution prevent the emergence of an Urban society with a sustainable trajectory?

    EMR

  18. E M Risse Avatar

    BACK TO LARRY’S COMMENT:

    “Even if the next generation of cars is like the Chevy volt – which manages to achieve a 50mpg overall consumption – it still represents roughly doubling our current efficiency and, in effect, putting off the day when we "run out of oil".”

    WHAT IS THE PRICE OF A VOLT? HOW MANY CAN AFFORD ONE NOW? HOW MANY WILL BE ABLE TO AFFORD THEM IN THE FUTURE? WHERE WILL THOSE WHO CANNOT AFFORD ONE LIVE?

    THE ONLY ANSWERS ARE IN FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT PATTERNS.

    “At some point – in the not too distant future – hybrid cars like the Volt may be converted to Natural Gas / Propane of which we currently have a 100 year+ supply.”

    AND AT THE END OF 100 YEARS?

    ALSO ASK MGM WHAT HAPPENS TO THE HYDROFRACKED WATER TABLES IN THE MEANTIME.

    “The Functional Settlement Pattern strategy of waiting for energy Armageddon to force change appears to be a futile and failed approach.”

    THAT IS ABSOLUTELY RIGHT!

    EMR KNOWS OF NO INTELLIGENT HUMAN THAT IS ADVOCATING WAITING.

    ONCE ARMAGEDDON IS REACHED (IN A LOT LESS THAT 100 YEARS WHEN THERE IS NO CHEAP OIL AND NO CHEAP GAS) THERE WILL BE NO RESOURCES TO TRANSFORM SETTLEMENT PATTERNS, GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES OR THE ECONOMIC SYSTEM THAT DEPENDS ON MASS OVERCONSUMPTION.

    “Cars have a LONG WAY to go to become more efficient – and there is every likelihood to believe that before we give up on our use of cars, that we'll make cars more and more efficient.”

    THAT IS TRUE, BUT.

    THE STRATEGY OF AUTONOMOBILE MAKERS IS TO DELIVER AS LITTLE CHANGE AS POSSIBLE EACH YEAR AS POSSIBLE, TO INDUCE PURCHASE OF NEW VEHICLES AS OFTEN AS POSSIBLE AND TO MAKE THE VEHICLES AS EXPENSIVE AS POSSIBLE TO THE PROFIT PER UNIT IS AS HIGH AS POSSIBLE.

    THAT MEAN LARGE, PRIVATE VEHICLES ARE DINOSAURS.

    “I think the settlement pattern folks fundamentally do not understood the central role that mobility plays (and will always play) in civilization.”

    EMR DOES NOT KNOW WHO “THE SETTLEMENT PATTERN FOLKS” ARE BUT EMR AND HIS COLLEAGUES DO UNDERSTAND THE HISTORY OF TRADE, MOBILITY AND ACCESS VERY WELL.

    “From the time that Greek olives and Asian Tea and spices sent men in sailing ships around the world in pursuit of trade – that element of civilization has never varied in importance.”

    AS LONG AS THERE IS AN URBAN (OR EVEN A NEW BRONZE AGE) CIVILIZATION, THERE WILL BE DEMAND FOR INTERREGIONAL TRADE IN RESOURCES THAT ARE NOT AVAILABLE IN THE VILLAGE, IN THE COMMUNITY AND IN THE REGION.

    BUT NOW HUMANS KNOW HOW TO RAISE SILK WORMS AT HOME, REUSE SODA BOTTLES TO MAKE FABRICS BETTER THAN SILK FOR MANY PURPOSES, RAISE OLIVES IN GEORGIA, WINE AND TEA IN VIRGINIA.

    SOON FARMERS WILL BE RAISING OLIVES, ORANGES AND BANANAS IN GREENHOUSES MADE FROM CONVERTED / RECYCLED FROM McMANSIONS IN SPOTSYLVANIA COUNTY.

    INVEST NOW.

    EMR

  19. I'd tend to agree with the view of the Volt in terms of economics if it were not for the fact that the Telsa that preceded it was about 100K and the price has now dropped by 1/2 and in general, technology advances by dropping by about 1/2 per decade.

    What happens when the Volt and it's competitors get 50+ mpg and cost 15K?

    For daily home-to-work-to-home commutes – I agree with EMR – that mass transit is the way to go and I see that becoming the defacto standard just about anywhere there are HOT Lanes.

    But Mom is not going to take the kids to Soccer in a bus and Dad is not going camping dragging his boat behind a Greyhound.

    Mom, Dad and the kids are not going to visit Grandma by riding Amtrak hauling all the presents and dog buffy.

    EMR must think the average person is going to hold up 364 days a year in his apt in a 32 or 64 du condo or whatever and never aspire to head out to Taco World and then Best Buy before returning home to enjoy the food and Home Theater.

    That may happen the day we are out of oil and out of coal and out of options but that day must be 100, 200 years from now and must presume that we'll also be out of natural gas and solar/wind never panned out.

    My premise is that as long as we have energy – people will want to be mobile and will ….

    It's an inherent aspect of the human condition and.. yes… civilization.

    Even in the Jetson Comic Book World – there is uber PERSONAL mobility – even more/better than we have now.

    Many other aspects of settlement patterns, I buy.

    but if we have large mass transit commuter buses or high speed monorails – we are also going to have exurbs…. and people will use personal mobility vehicles to get from the station to home.

  20. “I conclude that the individual mandate seeks to regulate economic inactivity, which is the very opposite of economic activity. And because activity is required under the Commerce Clause, the individual mandate exceeds Congress’ commerce power”

    With that a Florida judge ruled the entire health care law unconstitutional. Makes sense really.

    A recent report highlights that all of the home foreclosures put up for sale so far only accounts for 30 percent of the total that banks have on their inventory. The reasoning is that no one is buying the ones available now, so why dump prices further by flooding the market with the other 70 percent? Especially when this year is forecast to be the worse one yet. You can't force people to buy houses any more than health care.

    In light of this, perhaps it would be a wiser choice to hold off on spending money we don't have on infrastructure that may not be needed once the bulldozers finish their work on unwanted homes.

  21. maybe. What do you call FICA ?

    Isn't that the mother of all individual mandates?

    Let's assume that the individual mandate is ruled unconstitutional.

    Does anyone think the next step won't be to attack SS and Medicare as just as unconstitutional?

    So then what?

    If we stop collecting FICA – the folks on SS and Medicare will stop receiving benefits, right?

    So Medicare goes away, right?

  22. "Unsafe Nanos are sitting on sales lots in India. "

    ================================

    Right, because their would be drivers are stuck on all those super safe mopeds and scooters?

    Sometimes you are a hoot.

  23. "As noted in THE PROBLEM WITH CARS the space to drive and park Large, Private Vehicles disaggregates human settlement patterns to the point of profound dysfunction for Urban humans – 95 percent of the Households. That is especially true when it snows a few inches."

    ===============================

    Private Vehicles disaggregates human settlement patterns

    Yes, a little bit

    to the point of profound dysfunction for Urban humans

    Not really, Taxicabs in New york carry more passengers than all of Metro. The automobile and all the benefits it provides, easily overcome the relatively minor problems of disaggregation.

    "…profound dysfunction for Urban humans – 95 percent of the Households. "

    Not true, and or misleading. A case of innumeracy. The way this si written it sounds like autos cause profound dysfunction for 95% of households, when in fact, even if you think or believe that 95% of households are urban, most of them own annd use cars and are just fine with the benefits they provide.

    "That is especially true when it snows a few inches."

  24. WHAT IS THE PRICE OF A VOLT? HOW MANY CAN AFFORD ONE NOW? HOW MANY WILL BE ABLE TO AFFORD THEM IN THE FUTURE?

    ===================================
    a)Something like $44 grand, after government subsidies.

    b) Enough people to keep Chevy making them, after all, Chevey doesn;t care if the costs are fairly allocated.

    c) A lot more people than now. we can expect the cost to come down, and come down dramatically, especially on a cost er performance basis. Even conentialna cars are cheaper today than twenty years ago, after you factor in inflation, increased reliability, and features that did not exist back then.

  25. Groveton Avatar

    "maybe. What do you call FICA ?

    Isn't that the mother of all individual mandates?".

    No. The US Federal income tax is the mother of all individual mandates. You are mandated to pay or mandated to jail.

    I think the real issue with the health care mandate is that it is a mandate with a private company. Congress couldn't sell the one payer idea so they came up with something of a Rube Goldberg alternative. Trouble is … that alternative might be unconstitutional.

    And with the Republicans back in charge of the House, there will be no one payer answer any time soon.

    FICA will continue until it implodes.

    Seems to me that we need to think of everything in three categories:

    1. "Hard" promises made – Retirement and insurance that people bought into all their lives. But only old promises. If you are entering the workforce today, you aren't necessarily included. The goal is to run out the existing programs on a diminished return basis.

    2. Ongoing costs – Core services like bullets for the Army. The goal is to spend the least amount possible.

    3. Future investment – Those things that will make the US more competitive in the future. The goal is to get the biggest bang for the buck.

    I dunno – just a framework for thinking about the government.

  26. Fear less, hope more; et less, chew more; whine less, breathe more; talk less, say more; hate less, love more; and all good thinggs are yours.

    Swedish Proverb.

    Or more succinctly, Bark less, wag more.

    Cmon, EMR, take a deep breath, look around, and live a little.

    I dare you.

  27. I think the real issue with the health care mandate is that it is a mandate with a private company. Congress couldn't sell the one payer idea so they came up with something of a Rube Goldberg alternative. Trouble is … that alternative might be unconstitutional.

    ==================================

    Well, It was originally a Republican idea, only they couldn't get it passed, or had no intention of doing so – take your pick.

    Universal health insurance doesn't mean unlimited health care: we are not going to do full body transplants on everyone who needs one. On the other hand, there is nothing to prevent anyone wo can afford one from getting it.

    Universal health insurance means more people who now do without health care or get it at public expense will get at least the normal level of care and we OUGHT to be able to do it at less expense than what is happening now, seeing as we spend more on health care than any of the other industrialized world —-and get less for it.

    If what we have is a choice between something unconstitutional or something downright stupid, then we need to redefine unconstitutional.

  28. FICA is a tax but it is a dedicated tax targeted towards retirement and health care…

    AND it has generated surpluses for MOST of it's 60+ years of existence UNLIKE the Federal Income Tax.

    AND – BOTH deficit commissions show easy fixes to keep FICA solvent for the next 100 years by simple actuarial adjustments not unlike what you'd see with private insurance also adjusting to longer lifespans and a higher percentage of retirees.

    Even if we did NOTHING AT ALL – Social security and Medicare would be able to pay at about 78% of scheduled benefits.

    It's a myth that FICA/SS/Medicare are broke.

    They generated until this year – SURPLUSES

    and they are not more broke than any other actuarial-based insurance is – that pays out benefits from the premiums that come in.

    We have people saying that this kind of actuarial insurance is a Ponzi scheme…

    not unless you think Life Insurance, Fire insurance, Flood Insurance and private health insurance is ALSO a PONZI Scheme.

    Here is the NUMBER 1 problem with FICA/Social Security/Medicare:

    ABJECT IGNORANCE !

    People are ILLITERATE with respect to the basic facts of FICA-funded entitlements

    and they continue to BUY the illicit and corrupt narrative that entitlements are THE problem.

    You could KILL FICA / SS /Medicare tomorrow and you would STILL HAVE the 1.5 Trillion Structural deficit because that deficit is PRIMARILY DUE to the fact that we spend 1.5 TRILLION more on gen govt and the military than we take in – in Income Tax.

    It's true – we MUST make changes to FICA / SS / Medicare or we WILL have problems IN THE FUTURE.

    But RIGHT NOW – the problem has nothing to do with FICA an everything to do with the fact that we take in 2.2 trillion in income tax and we spend 3.7 trillion in general govt and military.

    If you do't believe me – go read one or both of the Deficit commission reports who clearly say this.

    Our problem is that we cannot begin to deal with the actual problems as long as we are IGNORANT – Willfully ignorant.

    And the politicians – they know this and use it to promote their own agendas.

    Ask Mr. Cantor what 1.5 trillion cuts he would make an the man ….BLATHERS …"entitlements".

  29. "FICA will continue until it implodes."

    Even in the depths of the russian revolution and later russian financial collaps old folks continued to get some kind of pension.

    FICA may implode someday, or we may make the rather modest adjustments needed to keep it viable. But if it is to implode, well, it takes a long time for a real black hole to develop.

    Regardless, we are not going to balance the budget by eliminating FICA as long as we fight wars off the books.

    We have eleven times as much sea power as the next five countries combined, and they are suppusedly our allies. If we had only five times as much, I bet we could balance th budget in a month.

    I'm not suggesting we do that, because it would thow millions out of work, among other reasons, just trying to put some perspective on ths scale of costs we are talking about.

  30. FICA is a tax but it is a dedicated tax targeted towards retirement and health care…

    ================================

    Right. and the transportation tax is dedicated to transportation, right?

    We have never raided it, either, and that is why we have plenty of money for roads etc.

    The promises of government are only as good as the ethics of those who run it.

  31. Here's the difference in the Volt.

    It uses a SMALL gasoline engine as a motor to generate electricity …..

    that's exactly what Diesel Locomotives do and now major ocean-going ships (and enabled the use of azipods).

    How long will it take to convert smaller cars to even smaller engines that generate electricity to power small electric motors instead of massive drive trains?

    The BMW hybrid puts the motors on each wheel …. with no mechanicals in between them and the electric generator.

    These are major changes in the way we power vehicles.

    Forget the "plug-ins" that have a battery only… those vehicles are destined to become the Stanley Steamers of the future.

    The name of the game is electric-powered vehicles with the battery being a kind of "accumulator" that can be charge from an ICE engine or from the grid.

    No one is going to buy a car that has a range of 40 or even 100 miles but then it's dead until it gets a 12 or 24 hr charge not even counting what happens when the car dies on the way BACK to your home and needs to be towed to the nearest "electric".

    I do not think the average person is going to touch a plug-in only (no ICE backup) with a 10 foot pole…

    You get into your car.. it says that it has a 40 mile charge …and the airport is 41 miles and you can't miss your plane.

    People are going to buy this car?

  32. You could KILL FICA / SS /Medicare tomorrow and you would STILL HAVE the 1.5 Trillion Structural deficit

    ===================================

    Well, if you killed the tax AND the benefits.

    Those that think we can fix the deficit this way want to kill the benefits, and KEEP COLLECTING THE TAX, but divert the tax to other uses: which as Larry points out, we will STILL overspend.

    Here is the funny part.

    They argue AT THE SAME TIME, that we will all be better off if we invest our social security money in private investments.

    How are we going to do that if they KEEP THE TAX for other purposes, like attempting to balance the budget ????

    These clowns are a RIOT! The only thing funnier is the rubes that lesten to them.

  33. Can FICA be 'raided'?

    Yup.

    Already has.

    But the basic narrative that FICA is unsustainable is totally false.

    FICA – if we don't raid it – and we adjust it actuarially just as most insurance is periodically – will last forever.

    We may have to increase the FICA tax (or remove the cap) and we may have to cap benefits – means test or have co-pays for non-essential benefits or deductibles or some combination (just like private insurance) but to say that FICA is unsustainable is just as ignorant as saying that private Life or Fire or Auto insurance is "unsustainable".

    Again – we are dealing with narratives that are just flat out wrong.. and too many people are just too damn lazy to sit down a few minutes and understand the issue

    and the politicos know this…

    and continue this – and continue to use disinformation to mislead on the issues.

  34. …." that we will all be better off if we invest our social security money in private investments."

    Social Security and Medicare are NOT FUNDS – they are INSURANCE.

    If they were funds – when you died – your heirs would get the remaining fund and they do not.

    You can pay into those programs your whole lie and die at age 64 and other than death benefits – your heirs won't get a penny.

    Just LIKE you will not get a penny back on your Auto insurance premium even if you do not have an accident …

    Because.. they are INSURANCE !

    Look it up…

    " In the United States, Social Security refers to the federal Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program."

    " Medicare is a social insurance program administered by the United States government, providing health insurance coverage to people who are aged 65 and over,"

  35. It uses a SMALL gasoline engine as a motor to generate electricity …..

    that's exactly what Diesel Locomotives do and now major ocean-going ships (and enabled the use of azipods).

    How long will it take to convert smaller cars to even smaller engines that generate electricity to power small electric motors instead of massive drive trains?

    The BMW hybrid puts the motors on each wheel …. with no mechanicals in between them and the electric generator.

    These are major changes in the way we power vehicles.

    ==================================

    Larry, go take some physics.

    A battery and an electric motor weigh more than your average drive train.

    You can achieve the same result, fuel mileage wise, by using a small motor which runs continuously, at max efficient output with a large battery to provide reserve energy when needed, as you can with a (somewhat larger, but still small by conventional standard) engine used more frequently, with a smaller reserve battery, and motor whose primary job is not propulsion, but energy recovery through regenerative braking and boost propulstion to assist the relatively anemic engine.

    It is six of one and half dozen of another. Ether way you dont get something for nothing.

    BMW, by having four smaller electric motors sacrifices efficiency in the motors, and multiply by four the chances that one will fail. And they put them in a relatively dirty location. In exchange, they get four wheel drive, spare motors when one fails, and the get rid of the transmission. But they still need the batteries and a way to balance the load or power demanded or supplied by each wheel. And they have big copper cables running all over the car.

    Diesel Electric locomotives are a whole different beast. For starters, they gain nothing from regenerative braking. What they get is maximum torque at zero RPM when they are trying to start that behemouth, and they get very smooth control of the distribution of power.

    But they are nto diesel electricdrive in the sense of the VOLT, because they have no battery backup, they rely on changing engine RPM to get more power, and they have more than enough primary power to drive the train without the electric motors: it is just convenient.

    Shipboard diesel electrics are more like the volt: they use relatively small engines and run them for long periods at their most efficient RPM. When they need more power, they just turn on more generator sets. When I was on the Mackinaw, we has six 25,000 HP Fairbanks Morse Diesel Generator sets, but we seldom used more than two.

    Force equals mass times acceleration. Period. The heavier the vehicle the more energy it will use, whether it comes from lightning or a horse on a treadmill.

    But, autos face the same dillemma that I noted above on locootives: the most expensive coal is seven times cheaper than the most expensive petroleum fuel. We can make electric cars, where the energy actually comes from coal.

    Still the same amount of energy, but a lot cheaper, until we have market driven energy regulations, like cap and trade.

    Oh yeah, then there is ethanol. Even if you can make it cheaper than gas, it still has less energy so you use more of it. If youhave ever boiled water on a kerosene camp stove vs an alcohol camp stove, you know what I mean.

  36. but to say that FICA is unsustainable is just as ignorant as saying that private Life or Fire or Auto insurance is "unsustainable".

    ==================================

    Or that the fuel tax is unsustainable.

    I agree with you.

  37. Larry, you missed the point.

    They argue that we would be better off invested in funds than in social security, but they have no intention of letting us have the social security money to do that. they intend to kill social security and keep the money: what would we have to invest with?

    And actually, they would be right about the better off part, as you point out. With a fund, you or your heirs get something, with SS maybe, maybe not, and not as much anyway.

    The problem is that we know people won't invest, left to themselves.

    If you followed the Republicans logic, the right thing to do would be to have a public mandate taht you must invest, you must go buy a product from a private company…..

    Ooops, forgot. that might be unconstitutional like mandate health insurance.

  38. diesel-electric locomotives …. " it is just convenient."

    more fuel efficient – less parts to break… they are a technology that took over from mechanical diesels…

    and I think some may well use regenerative braking…..

    but that's neither here nor there.

    They also have a capacitor – type arrangement that functions similarly to a battery – to basically smooth out voltage flows.

    getting rid of the intermediate mechanicals between the ICE and the wheels is what drove the change in locomotives as well as ocean-going ships.

    the intermediate mechanicals in addition to being stuff that brakes eventually – also vampires efficiency.

    the direct electricity to the wheels (or propeller) is more efficient.

    AND… the electric generation can "idle" or in the case of te hybrid car – cut off completely at stops or run at very low revs.

    it's a superior setup in several different ways and we won't be going back to mechanical versions…. not in locomotives, or ships.. and I think… cars… ultimately.

    The choice of "fuel" for the small electricity-generating ICE engine can be anything from diesel (like the locos) or jet type fuel for the ship turbines or natural gas/propane… etc.

    Whatever fuel is the cheapest.

    and I agree… ethanol is not.

  39. Not more efficient. You lose power in the generator and then you lose power in the motors. But, you don't need gear sets or clutches. The problem for locomotives is in start up, and here electric motors shine, giving maximum torque at zero rpm. You can rev up the engine first, which takes time, and then apply full power to the wheels when you have it. The capacitors bank power while the engine is spinning up because it has to go someplace. But it is a surge protector, not auxiliary storage like a battery. And no regenerative braking, because no battery to store the power in. Besides, the thing is so heavy you need air brakes on every car just to stop it. Nope, on a locomo tive it is pure convenience, especially when you have embedded or multiple engines. Otherwise you could never match power and they would be fighting each other. But with electric its easy to have every wheel pulling evenly.

    But there is nothing economical about it.

  40. You are right about getting rid of the intermediate mechanicals, but not for the reasons you state. There was a class of coast guard cutter that was famous for throwing giant clutch parts around the engine room.

    The hybrid electrical generation doesn't idle down. It is either on off or braking. When the driver calls for more power than the small engine can supply, accelerating or up a long hill, the battery discharges and the electric motor provides about a 30% boost. On level ground at cruising speed the engine is spinning fast, but the cylinder pressure is low. This is inefficient so the generator kicks in to put the engine efficiency up, and the extra goes to the battery until it is fully charged or the engine needs another boost. Going downhill or decelerating the engine shuts off entirely. On a gentle hill the electric motor and battery are sufficient to keep speed up. On a steep hill, or when braking the wheels spin the generator, which absorbs power and puts it in the battery. The motor is the generator when the polarity is reversed: they are not separate.

    In normal driving all of these conditions are fairly frequent, so the battery stays fully charged, mostly. I have a daily backup that creeps along. The engine shuts down for fifteen minutes and several miles, running on battery only. Eventually it becomes depleted and calls for a charge. Then the engine comes on even though it is not needed to drive the car. And it runs at optimum rpm for highest combined efficiency of engine and rate of charge.

    My home is 400 feet higher than my office, so I get better mileage and more battery charge going to work than home.

    Volt claims 40 miles under battery power alone, which my Prius will not do. Then the engine kicks in to charge the battery for the next 300 miles of use. This makes no sense to me because fully discharging the battery is hard on it. Also it implies an engine big enough to power the car and charge the batteries. I suspect that in practice the small engine runs most of the time. Being as the engine is small the battery and electric motor do most of the work, and the battery discharges more. Then, when the car is stopped or going downhill the engine has time to "catch up" on its charging duties.

    In either case, the battery in the system makes it a whole different deal than conventional diesel electric drive.

  41. As an example the Mackinaw could cruise at full speed on two engines. When breaking ice she would use all six to go through two feet of ice at six knots. Diesel electric meant you could go from full ahead to full astearn if the ice stopped you and you had to back off for another run at it.

    Some skipper once showed this to a visitor, but in open water.

    Big mistake. When he pulled full reverse in the wheelhouse it reversed polarity on the motors and they tried to turn in reverse.

    But unlike the ice situation the ship was still moving forward, and the water was still turning the screws in the forward direction. The result was 25 thousand horsepower coming from the generator set, going to the electric motor, which are separate in a diesel electric drive.

    But the motor had reversed polarity and was still being turned forward by the screws. The result was 40k horsepower worth of electricity with no place to go. No batteries to charge or act as a buffer. The next thing was a huge blue ball of electricity wandering around the three deck high electric motor room.

    And about thirty second after that the motor room chief was on the bridge tearing the young captain a new one, in front of his VIP guest.

    But, the ship did go from full ahead to full astearn in about 300 feet.

  42. If you think of the ICE as a generator of electricity only and no mechanical/drive power and you think of the battery only needing to be big enough to function as a capacitor/moderator – then it would function like the diesel electric loco.

    GM makes the battery bigger so it can run off of battery (and probably big enough so it does not completely discharge) but as long as the ICE is generating only electricity and not mechanical power – it's functioning like the loco just with a bigger capacitor/moderator that has enough storage to power the car a short distance.

    Now picture a Prius-sized vehicle using the smallest ICE engine necessary to generate electricity only to power the electric drive and why do you need any more than a rudimentary battery that functions as a capacitor?

    Why can't ALL cars operate this way – just like the diesel electric loco ?

    If you read the link – you'll know that diesels are better suited as ICE electricity generators…. but the ICE could just as easily be a natural gas or propane turbine also except that as a fuel gas and diesel are cheaper still.

    But if you have the basic setup of an ICE engine creating electricity for the electric motor – any fuel is possible.

    Is this more efficient that a big battery recharged from the Grid?

    I think it is and I think that the concept of "plug-in" is going to fade until/unless they find a way to create more efficient, less expensive batteries.

    The Volt is only "technically" a plug-in… it's primary operation is using the ICE to generate electricity and it can do that even with a completely discharged (or possibly even dead) battery.

    You can look at this technology in the context of settlement patterns and "peak" oil and realize that as long as we have ample supplies of natural gas that we're not going to run out of car juice for a long time no matter what happens to "oil".

    In a way – this technology will stretch out – perhaps double the time oil will last – simply by doubling the average MPG that cars get.

    so oil Armageddon has been delayed…. for another 100 years or so.

  43. The Mackinaw has three propellors two in back and one up front. The one in front sucks the water out from under the ice, so the ships weight can break it. Also the rear props turn outboard to kick the ice away. Most ships turn inboard to direct the flow against the rudders. As a consequence she was hard to steer at low speed.

  44. " One of the Mackinaw's unique features in the US Coast Guard fleet is the use of two azipods for her main propulsion. These, coupled with a 550 hp (410 kW) bow thruster, make the ship exceptionally maneuverable. Azipods also negate the need for a traditional rudder, as the azipods can turn 360 degrees on their axis to direct their thrust in any direction. The Mackinaw also lacks a traditional ship's steering wheel. Much of the ship's technology, including the azipod thrusters, is from Finnish Maritime Cluster."

    I'm not understanding the reverse polarity tale given the fact that the azipods rotate 360 degrees…..

    It would seem if you do a 'reverse' that the azipod would rotate 180% to accomplish that – rather than reversing the propellers… since the Wiki entry says they are fixed pitch.

    I think you are, once again, "spinning" a bit guy….

  45. Think of your home generator. It turns a constant speed ( pretty much) so it can provide sixty cycle AC. When you turn on the saw the engine changes pitch because it is doing more work and the cylinder pressure changes. With enough load, you can stall the engine. DC generators are different, and you can idle them down. Motor generators are DC, so you can reverse polarity to switch from one function to another, or reverse direction. Modern units are more efficient than the ones I worked with but not as efficient as straight drive or even simple reduction gears. Some ships are only straight drive, not even a reverse gear. For reverse they stop the engine and restart it going backward. All you do is change the injection timing. Mackinaw had three huge motors and six generator sets. For more power they fired up more engines. For locomotives they have big generators and , i imagine, several motors, balancing the engine output to the drive wheels for maximum motor efficiency.

    In Brazil, Argentina, Germany, and Belgium some new coal fired steam locomotives are now in service and these are not electric drive. The problem is that at start up, you need some kind of slip or the system will stall. With a manual transmission it is the clutch, and maybe the tires. With an automatic it is in the torque convertor. On a direct drive ship it is in the props, and in an electric drive it is in the electric field and manifested as heat in the motor. In a steam engine it occurs as back pressure. But locomotives, like boats, and unlike cars, mainly operate at high loads. They are not often spinning at high rpm and low loads as conventional autos are. High load is what makes them efficient. Likewise, a hybrid engine, being smaller, works harder when it is working, and therefore more efficient, even before you take regenerative braking into account.

    Actually, you could get better mileage out of a Prius if you just took out the battery and motor generator. But it would be wildlyy under powered and unable to get out of its own way. And more wasteful without electric braking.

    People don't weigh much compared to trains or buses, which is why carrying passengers is not as efficient as it might seem. Also they need special handling, services, and seating, except on metro.

  46. That's a different ship than the one I was on. Named after the original.

    The ship I was on was built in 1933, and had no fresh water tanks( originally) . In those days they drank water straight from the great lakes.

    Those days are gone.

  47. In my day azipods had a different name, which I forget: somebodies thrusters, they were called. Giant outboard motors you could rotate 360 for maneuverability. Usually Monterey on barges to convert them to pseudo ships. Or early drilling rigs.

    Whatever that thing is, it is no replacement for the original.

    The original was as wide as an ore carrier, but much shorter. The unneeded width was occupied by huge water tanks. These were filled to add weight for breaking ice. If she got stuck the could pump tons of water from one side to the other in 90 seconds, causing her to wallow til the ice broke.

    The Mackinaw was a good investment. She could keep shipping open thirty extra days at each end of the season, and rumor was she paid for herself every day.

    I think ore carrying is mostly dead now, depletion of natural capital. Hence the much smaller new Mackinaw. I don't know anything about her. Will look.

  48. The new Mackinaw is a shrimp compared to the one I was on.

    I was wrong about the horsepower. Six Fairbanks Morse gensets totalling. 10,000 HP.

    But the new one is armed with machine guns, verboten by treaty in my day.

    And the new one is ugly. A glorified buoy tender, hence the azipods. Easy to hold position.

  49. The new one takes a thousand feet to stop, but it will turn on a dime, if you don't roll it over. The old one could be full speed astearn in 300 feet. You just had to repaint the motor room after.

  50. Anyway, the point of all this is that kilowatts or horsepower, cars are not going away. What we need is the most functional settlement pattern that will accomodate them.

    Right now Nova is dead last on that list. It is probably far more important to the economy than the technology list, and may very well be one reason for the drop in the latter.

    That, and Paleolithic politics in this state.

  51. I probably told this before
    , but it bears repeating. I was on the bridge of the Mackinaw in the soo St Marie canal. We had probably twenty people there steering, recording every command, taking bearings and plotting position. This in a place so narrow you could read the street signs. 2nd 3rd etc.

    Now Mackinaw is 75 feet wide and so is an ore carrier. The canal is maybe 200 feet wide.

    Here comes an ore carrier, overtaking us as we poke along at walking speed.

    He pulls out to pass. When I look on his bridge deck, there is one Guy. One. One a ship five times as long. He's got one hand on the wheel and one hand on the engine order telegraph.

    That was my first lesson in the difference between government and private enterprise.

  52. "Now picture a Prius-sized vehicle using the smallest ICE engine necessary to generate electricity only to power the electric drive and why do you need any more than a rudimentary battery that functions as a capacitor?

    Why can't ALL cars operate this way – just like the diesel electric loco ?"

    ================================

    Because it is not as efficient. To do that youneed an engine bige enough to power the car 100% with no help from the battery. In fact, you need a bigger engine because of the losses in first makeing electricity, and second using the electricity. In that case you are better off to go back to a transmission.

    The hybrid only works for two reasons: 1) you use a smaller engine than normal which you assist with the electric drive and battery to get acceptable performance. Then the battery recovers charge when the engine is not being overtaxed. 2) regenerative braking recovers power that is otherwise wasted.

    You cannot do it with just a small engine driving direct through a generator and motor, because then you just have a car with a small engine and no performance. Also, with that system you need a separate generator and electric motor(s). Te geneius of the Pius system is that it uses one electric mtor/generator which switches tasks as needed.

    The genius of the volt syste is that it uses one small engine which runs at optimum output, most of the time. That output is not enough to fully power the car at peak load, but it is enough when averaged over time to keep the battery charged, and the battery/electric motor is sized to allow for peak load conditions.

    The diesel electric system in a locomotive is not a hybrid system, and offers none of the savings. it is simply a way to replace a heavy and complex large mechanical transmission with one that is easy to regulate, if not particularly efficient.

  53. "The torque that the wheels apply to turn the motors slows the train down (instead of the motors turning the wheels, the wheels turn the motors). The current generated (up to 760 amps) is routed into a giant resistive mesh that turns that current into heat. A cooling fan sucks air through the mesh and blows it out the top of the locomotive "

    In other words, the energy from braking through the electric motors is wasted as heat, not stored for re-use as in a hybrid car.

    On a locomotive you would need truly massive batteries to provide enough storage to provide meaningful power.

    Here is an instance where the size and mass of the system precludes it from using more efficient technology, and increases the overall costs. It is one reason trains (and buses) never reach their advertised maximum efficiency.

    Giant urban areas suffer from the same kind of problems. They need massive technological solutions to problems that are easly solved in less dense locations, and this limits their ability to be green.

    You get economy of scale, but you give up a lot of other economies.

  54. Anonymous Avatar

    India is growing at 9%
    China at 7%

    In ten years they willl have more than half of the worlds working age population.

    "Global boom times coming baby.

    Dow surged way over 12k today, and this bull market will have more legs than a centipede.

    In five years the Dow goes to 18k, easy. Profits are surging. A rising tide lifts all boats, including banks and governments.

    We will see a balanced federal budget in Obama's second term."

    Benjamin

  55. Highlights from the 2010 United Van Lines Annual Migration Study, released earlier this month.

    In 2010, the District of Columbia (64.3%) was once again the top destination in the United States for the third consecutive year.

    ================================

    Bring on the infrastructure, we are going to need it.

  56. If I have, fundamentally, the right to life, then it follows that I have the right to use the environment I live in. Since we all have the right to life we have equal rights to use the environment we live in. And equal obigation to protect it for the use of others.

  57. James A. Bacon Avatar
    James A. Bacon

    Ed, I'm curious about this statement: "At the present time half of the working adults in the US cannot afford to buy and maintain a Large, Private Vehicle that is fuel efficient AND safe to drive on the Interstate Highway System."

    I'm wondering what you base that upon. If you said that half the working adults cannot afford a *new* large, private vehicle, then I would find that plausible. But the average age of the auto fleet is close to 10 years now. There are a lot of depreciated, inexpensive second-hand cars on the market.

    Admittedly, the older the car, the more expensive the maintenance. That's probably a bigger cost than gasoline.

    Still, I'm wondering what you base the statement on.

  58. I'm guessing that a lot of people actually have cars that they cannot "afford". But that's a judgement call, not a fact.

    As it stands 89% of families own at least one car

    The affordability of cars has changed over the years, and this can have a significant effect on vehicle ownership. In the early years of the auto industry, cars were rarely financed as they are today. This meant that families needed to save up to buy an automobile. Later, as other countries began to compete for U.S. car consumers' business, the cost of a car dropped in comparison to household income.

    The following Chevrolet car statistics help illustrate the change in the cost of a car and its effect on vehicle ownership:

    In 1924, a Chevrolet Superior Roadster cost $490, or about 33% of the average household income.
    In 1935, a Chevrolet Master Deluxe cost $560, or about 37% of the average household income.
    In 1940, a Chevrolet Clipper cost $659, or about 38% of the average household income.
    In 1958, a Chevrolet Impala cost $2,693, or about 45% of the average household income.
    In 1965, a Chevrolet Malibu cost $2,156, or about 7% of the median household income.
    In 1976, a Chevrolet Malibu cost $3,671, or about 10% of the median household income.

    In 1960, Americans owned 61,671,390 passenger cars, or about one car for every three people.
    In 1970, Americans owned 89,243,557 passenger cars, or almost one car for every two people.
    In 1980, Americans owned 121,600,843 passenger cars, or a little more than one car for every two people.
    In 1990, Americans owned 133,700,496 passenger cars, or a little more than one car for every two people.
    In 2000, Americans owned 133,621,420 passenger cars, or a little less than one car for every two people.
    In 2008, Americans owned 137,079,843 passenger cars, or a little less than one car for every two people.

    And that is whether they are working, or not, so the % of working adults that own a car is well north of 50%, and the only issue is whther they can atually "aford" it, by EMR criteria.

  59. The percentage of transportation cost compared to total personal budget has declined from 12.3 in 1960 to 8.9% today.

    Bureau of transportation statistics.

  60. Of all personal transportation 95% is in personally owned automobiles and all other modes combined add up to only 3% of transportation.

    Bureau of labor statistics

  61. Anonymous Avatar

    How many people worked on the litmus test?

  62. My brother took the auto train to Florida. Afterward he said he wished he had driven. At least he would have had a nights sleep.

  63. The way the bureau of transprtation statistics measures things, the vast majority of VMT occurs on Urban streets and highways. No doubt EMR would qibble over the definition or urban that they use, but the facts suggest that it is not people driving 50 miles to get to work who rack up most of the miles.

    The average car racks up 12,000 miles a year, and tha average light truck, 10,000. A fifty mile driver would rack up 24000 just going back and forth to work.

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