Climate Change, Wetlands and Riprap

It’s nice to know that at least one Virginia journalist is doing a capable job of following the local angle on the Global Warming debate. Too bad he isn’t getting published in a Virginia newspaper or periodical. You have to track down a copy of BioScience Magazine to read him. (Even worse, you have to find the hard copy of the publication because it doesn’t post articles online.)

I am referring to Steve Nash, a University of Richmond journalism professor (and close personal friend), who penned an in-depth article for the science publication about the impact of Seal Level Rise (SLR) on the ecology of the Mid-Atlantic Coast. The anticipated one-meter rise in sea levels by the end of the century, as you may recall, is a core assumption of the Governor’s Commission on Climate Change. The commission generated abundant information about the impending problem, but nothing more than the predictable “the sky is falling” coverage leaked into the Virginia press coverage.

Steve and I don’t see eye to eye on all aspects of Climate Change, but I do commend him for this: He is intellectually honest. He acknowledges the complexities of the debate, and he doesn’t leave readers with the idea that, as a certain governor of an unnamed Mid-Atlantic state, who will go unmentioned, put it, the “science is settled.” While I am skeptical of extreme views on climate change, I likewise think anyone who dismisses the possibility of human-caused global warming as a “hoax” is ignoring a lot of evidence. At the very least, we need to prepare ourselves for the possibility that sea levels will continue to rise throughout this century — as they have in the last century.

Anyone interested in the impact on wildlife species — from horseshoe crabs to shore birds — will find Steve’s article worth reading. But there’s another reason why this article is important to public policy wonks like the readers of Bacon’s Rebellion. He asks what rising sea levels will do to wetlands: a vital wildlife habitat, nutrient filter and buffer against tidal surges in big storms. As wetlands always did when sea levels rose and fell in aeons past, they will migrate. The lowest lying wetlands will disappear under the waves, while the marsh plants and animals species will move “uphill” so to speak, depending upon the slope of the shoreline and the extent of sedimentation from the rivers.

There’s just one problem with the migration scenario in the 21st century. Writes Nash:

As shorelines flood, political pressure mounts for home and business owners to install more riprap, bulkheads, dikes, seawalls, revetments, groins, jetties and other barriers to try to hold back the sea. In varying degrees, these structures wall off the potential for new beaches, wetlands and other habitats, and guarantee obliteration of existing ones as sea levels rise. A recent survey found that 26 percent of Maryland’s 6600 kilometers of shoreline is already hardened (the figure does not include tidal creeks).

If Virginia wants to preserve its wetlands, the only solution is to achieve Fundamental Change in human settlement patterns. To read more about the impact of SLR on Virginia’s coastline, check out the Climate Change Commission’s Sept. 10 report.

(Photo credit: Wikipedia.)

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20 responses to “Climate Change, Wetlands and Riprap”

  1. If we are likely to see as much as a one meter rise…

    all those buffers that we have argued over in terms of property rights and public policy are not only going to be lost – but unless replaced – will almost surely result in even more runoff that will not be healthy for the Bay.

    In other words, in terms of public policy and the public mindset – we are certainly not approaching this with any degree of proactive-ness and appear to me to be headed for a repeat of our past failed policies – which is to wait and then react.. and then realize that “cleaning” up is much more difficult and expensive than we ever imagined.

    So… virtually none of our current/existing environmental protection policies take into account… what happens if we have a rise in sea level.

    by in a bigger context – it would be quite fantastic – if we could hear a little more about how fundamental transformation .. might actually deal in specifics with an increase in sea levels.

    Is Fundamental Transformation – the universal elixir to all our ills or does it have some specific (if broad) goals?

  2. Anonymous Avatar

    Read what Mark Twain said about riprap over a hundred years ago. He is still correct.

    RH

  3. Groveton Avatar

    I always thought that rip rap was environmentally friendly – at least more friendly than pilings and wood. No?

  4. Anonymous Avatar

    I worked for the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources as an intern many years ago. The Agency strongly supported the use of rip-rap. I wonder what has changed.

    TMT

  5. rip-rap is still used but rip-rap is not used to reduce runoff… it’s is not filter/buffer but more to prevent the loss of property from wind/waves.

    I’ve never really seen it used to shield a wetlands but perhaps others have.

  6. Ray Hyde Avatar

    The use of any shoreline stabilization has two effects: it causes energy to be focused on the stabilization,ultimately destroying it. In the meantime it shifts much of the damage to neighboring properties.

    In any case, much of the water rise in the Chesapeake area is due to land subsidence, which no amount of intervention will change, and certainly can’t be blamed on human settlement patterns.

    RH

  7. Is there a link between settlement patterns and the forces that might be responsible for a one meter rise in sea level?

    If true, would it be result of settlement patterns – world-wide?

    Bonus Question – Is it possible to reduce greenhouse gases without altering settlement patterns?

  8. Ray Hyde Avatar

    “Is there a link between settlement patterns and the forces that might be responsible for a one meter rise in sea level?”

    Over what period of time? It is my understanding that much of the sea level “rise” in the Chesapeake region is actually due to land subsidence, in which case rip rap and other protection is a “temporary” fix.

    That doesn’t mean that atmoshpheric warming couldn’t contribute to raising the water that much eventually.

    Then the question becomes, how much are you willing to invest now to make a savings 100, to 200 to 500 years from now?

    RH

  9. Now Ray – did you actually read the Blog content?

    …” …The anticipated one-meter rise in sea levels by the end of the century, as you may recall, is a core assumption of the Governor’s Commission on Climate Change.”

    this .. is a worldwide deal – that would be IN ADDITION to any other local issues like land subsidence…

    right?

  10. Ray Hyde Avatar

    Nope, I don’t think so. Unless I’m wrong gloabal sea rise is not expected to be that much by the end of the century.

    I’f I’m wrong and global sea rise will be that much then the Governor’s coucil has not considered local events carefully enough.

    As for runoff, if we are half buried under water, there will be less land to run off of, right? And more water to dilute it with.

    All kidding aside, wetlands are critical habitat, filter, etc.

    Still the same question though: how much to spend now to prevent possible damage when?

    RH

  11. Here’s some relevant info on the subject:

    “Climate Change and the Chesapeake Bay
    State-of-the-Science Review and Recommendations”

    http://www.chesapeake.org/stac/
    Pubs/climchangereport.pdf

    Here’s a good section to peruse:

    6.1 Understanding the consequences of climate change….10

    Important Questions:

    • How can water quality regulations be made resilient to climatic fluctuations and anticipate changing climatic conditions?

    • How can ecological restoration strategies anticipate
    rising sea levels and changing temperature regimes?

    • How should management practices be altered to increase their resilience to future precipitation regimes?

    • How can coastal landowners make resilient and, when possible, adaptive decisions about their responses to rising sea levels?

    IMHO – these are reasonable questions – that do not presume absolutely that change is certain BUT .. they ARE asking.. what would be some responses that we might agree to ahead of time – if it turns out that we will see these changes.

    This is the big problem with the naysayers IMHO – not only do they not accept the possibility of change – but they also don’t want to talk about what we might do if it does turn out to be true.

    In other words.. “it aint going to happen so we don’t need to plan”.

  12. Ray Hyde Avatar

    “• How can water quality regulations be made resilient to climatic fluctuations and anticipate changing climatic conditions?”

    You have got to be kidding. Water quality regulations we can change in six months, and climate fluctuations take – how long?

    Why should we bother with such a question? What makes us think that a) we an anticipate climactic fluctuations, or b) water quality regulations can do anything about it?

    Fluctuations implies we expect changes up and down. climactictic implies long term changes – longer than any government has existed.

    This kind of Faux Policy Panic makes me chuckle.

    RH

  13. Ray Hyde Avatar

    “• How can ecological restoration strategies anticipate
    rising sea levels and changing temperature regimes?”

    Lets assume we have a wetland that becomes flooded. What ecological restoration is possible?

    Let’s be real here. What they are really talking about is ecological engineering. Making new replacement wetlands out what is now someone’s front or back yard.

    That is not restoration, so let’s call it what it will be, and name it honestly.

    RH

  14. Ray Hyde Avatar

    “• How should management practices be altered to increase their resilience to future precipitation regimes?”

    translation:

    How soon do you think we can make claims for bigger flood plains?

    RH

  15. Ray Hyde Avatar

    “• How can coastal landowners make resilient and, when possible, adaptive decisions about their responses to rising sea levels?”

    You mean like moving inland to higher ground? Or maybe you mean an ARK?

    RH

  16. Ray Hyde Avatar

    It is still the same question though: how much to spend of our money, now, to prevent what probability of how much possible damage how far into the future, to whom?

    Whose most critical priority will you fund first, at the expense of all the others?

    Even assuming we manage to correctly identify the to ten priorities, how many of them can we afford to fund whne they all amount to holding back the tide. When EACH of them can easily consume all the money there is right now, to solve a problem that hasn’t happened yet?

    Are we supposed to put all of our current problems on hold, so we can spend everything to fix the one that can really exterminate us first?

    Then what do we use to spend on the one that can exterminate us second?

    RH

  17. I think we’re not at the point of making investment decisions but rather to develop a more complete understanding of what the outcomes could be – if it does come to pass.

    For example, would existing homes be subject to wider scope storm damage?

    Would reducing the sources of runoff be something that would work better than constructed wetlands?

    what will happen to places that have drainfields already close to the water table?

    Will salt water go further up the rivers… affecting fresh water treatment plants?

    Thinking about the different ways that things like this might be delt with ….BEFORE…the changes are happening in real-time and our choices are reduced to only bad choices….could be useful.

    or ..we could just stick our collective heads in the sand and hum nah nah nah….

  18. Ray Hyde Avatar

    “For example, would existing homes be subject to wider scope storm damage?”

    Yep. So what? What can we possibly dothat would be cheaper than moving the homes?

    ———————–

    Would reducing the sources of runoff be something that would work better than constructed wetlands?

    Nope.

    ——————————

    what will happen to places that have drainfields already close to the water table?

    S__t happens.

    ———————–

    “Will salt water go further up the rivers… affecting fresh water treatment plants?”

    Yes and no. Treatment plants aren’t designed for salt water.

    —————————-

    Thinking about the different ways that things like this might be delt with ….BEFORE…the changes are happening in real-time and our choices are reduced to only bad choices….could be useful.

    It doesn’t matter how much thinking you do. There is only one answer that works: you cannot afford to spend more money on mitigation than you get in damages.

    There. I just saved you several million dollars in worthless policy analysis.

    —————————–

    You cannot afford to fix every problem.

    You may not even be able to afford to fix the single biggest problem – if you can decide what that is. (Meteor Impact? Seems like a good bet.)

    All you can hope to do is spend what you have to get the best net social benefit, as long as it lasts – and even that isn’t an easy problem.

    You cannot even do that, util you get all the dogma, single issue politics, and other garbage out of the way.

    Clearly, those that pose the kind of questins listed above don;]’t have enough to do, or worry about. Just send them out to the farm, and I’ll be happy to give them something worthwhile – and green – to work on.

    Until then, I could heat my house on the enrgy these clowns spend worrying.

    RH

  19. Ray Hyde Avatar

    I worry about a leak in my boat, and take precautions. I worry about a one inch leak, which is substantial. On an ocean voyage ai might even make rudimentary plans to deal with a one foot leak.

    But I don’t worry about a six foot leak, because there is nothing I can do about it.

    RH

  20. how do you classify… looking ahead to see what a one meter rise would do to tunnels and bridges in the HR/TW area?

    Bad idea to look into what the costs might be to do that and then look at the other infrastructure planned …and costs… and perhaps hedge some longer-term investment bets?

    would you know… without some analysis and planning what would be needed and the costs ?

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