Another Cheap Shot from the Washington Post

Once again, Washington Post editorial writers have taken a cheap shot against Virginia’s General Assembly rather than bestir themselves to think about the issue under discussion. In making the case for the proposed Purple line, a mass transit line running parallel to the Capital Beltway in Maryland, the WaPo finds it necessary to make an invidious comparison with Virginia: “The state legislature, enslaved to anti-tax dogma, can’t seem to face the scale and urgency of the state’s transportation dilemma.”

Now, I would agree that a circumferential Metro line would offer tremendous benefits, just as the WaPo points out: “It would begin to compensate for Metrorail’s main deficiency — its radial design, which reflects planners’ flawed assumption that the District would forever be the lone focal point for the region’s development and job growth. Much of the economic boom in recent decades has taken place in or near suburban hubs ringing the city; naturally, traffic has followed.”

Underpinning the WaPo’s swipe at the General Assembly, however, are the assumptions that (a) it is the responsibility of the taxpayers to foot the bill for mass transit, regardless of costs and benefits, and that (b) only the dogmatic intransigence of downstate, low-tax zealots in the House of Delegates, who, by the way, don’t care a whit for Northern Virginia or understand its problems, stands in the way.

The WaPo editorial chooses not to explore the fact that public financing for a massive Metro expansion would represent an unconscionable transfer of wealth from taxpayers to the owners of land located near the Metro stations. Robbing the Poor and Giving to the Rich seems to be the new mantra of the Washington Post, except, of course, when it comes to federal income tax policy, when its editorial writers revert to class warfare mode. In either case, you can count on the Post to bash the Republicans.

As I outlined in detail in my column, “Rail Ripoff,” about the Rail-to-Dulles project, it is possible to craft a funding mechanism to support construction of heavy rail without dumping the entire cost onto the general public. The steps are these: (1) Create Community Development Authorities around the proposed Metro Stations to issue bonds that would pay for construction of the stations and rail line; (2) overlay the CDAs with special tax districts that tax the commercial property owners and create a revenue stream to pay off the bonds; and (3) allow property owners to build at greater densities, as needed, to provide them sufficient financial payback to make the whole arrangement worthwhile.

Let’s recapitulate: The WaPo would tax Joe Sixpack to build mass transit and further enrich wealthy property owners. By contrast, a CDA strategy would tap the increased property values created by mass transit to pay for its construction, yet structure a deal to create a win-win-win for everyone. Admittedly, House Republicans haven’t endorsed the CDA strategy, but, then, they’re not calling the Post names. Who’s more ignorant — the WaPo or Virginia legislators? Who’s more intransigent? Who is more blinded by ideological dogma?


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26 responses to “Another Cheap Shot from the Washington Post”

  1. Ray Hyde Avatar
    Ray Hyde

    If the purple line or any other infrastructure is built, it is going to be paid for by someone. Since we ae all taxpayers, it is safe to assume that taxpayers will foot the bill. What is in question is whether they will foot the bill through taxes or through some other means.

    JAB will argue that if we pay it through taxes it kills jobs. On the other hand, there is only so much money to go around. If we are going to pay for everything from ambulance services to the purple line through user fees etc, then there won’t be much left to pay taxes with. Any way you slice it, there is only so much we can do, and the costs will trickle down through the society one way or another.

    Your CDA concept makes the assumption that sufficient density can make the whole deal pay off, but that is NOT a given. those higher densities are expensive to build, and operate as it is. Adding the cost of Metro to the rents through CDA bonds could be enough to kill the whole deal.

    It might turn out that it is cheaper just to lease everybody a Lexus and put the development in scattered lowrises. At least that way more people get a shot at the action and you don’t have the wealth transfer problem.

    Building the purple line next to the beltway is nuts. Didn’t we learn anything from building Metro on top of 66? We need more places, not more transport to the same places. If the idea is to give people options, then give them real options, don’t force them into more of the same.

  2. Anonymous Avatar
    Anonymous

    Why not put a toll on the beltway in order to pay for the purple line?

  3. James Atticus Bowden Avatar
    James Atticus Bowden

    Ray: The big eye-opener, head-slapper for me in grad school one was this: It’s not just about how you divide the pie differently but about growing the pie.

    If you grow capital, you can pay for new projects with tax money WITHOUT increasing taxes. Tax revenues rise with a growing economy.

    So, you need to divide the pie differently – all parts of government don’t get to grow the same, maybe (horrors) we could reduce some aspects, and then cut a piece for a purple line.

    I think the CDA idea is interesting. But, I’m confident that I don’t know all the economic incentives and disincentives it brings – or how much of each.

  4. nova_middle_man Avatar
    nova_middle_man

    I profess ignorenece on some of these Maryland issues so I have more questions than answers

    1. Would federal funding be available for the Purple Line? (Two problems I see are the silver line/ICC just being built and the line not benefiting the federal government by providing access directly downtown)

    2. Now that Virginia is building hot lanes on the beltway it seems adding hot lanes in Maryland should come ahead of adding metro. I am really curious to see how all of the interchanges are going to work and what is going to happen at the American Legion Bridge.

  5. Jim Wamsley Avatar
    Jim Wamsley

    A Lexus for everyone, ah la Ray Hyde,will sure help employment. We can move the unemployed in southern Virginia up to northern Virginia and give them jobs driving the Lexuses. Parking is the main reason individuals take transit.

  6. Bob Griendling Avatar
    Bob Griendling

    The steps are these: (1) Create Community Development Authorities around the proposed Metro Stations to issue bonds that would pay for construction of the stations and rail line; (2) overlay the CDAs with special tax districts that tax the commercial property owners and create a revenue stream to pay off the bonds; and (3) allow property owners to build at greater densities, as needed, to provide them sufficient financial payback to make the whole arrangement worthwhile.

    Good ideas, Jim.

  7. Ray Hyde Avatar
    Ray Hyde

    “Parking is the main reason people take transit.”

    Good observation. i recently asked a political activist in ?fairfax what the county’s biggest problem was. Transportation, she said instantly.

    What to do about it. More transit, she said.

    What is the best thing Metro can do? More parking, she said.

    I believe transit is so expensive that it cannot be justified on its real benefits, except for the very “best” routes. Those routes are probably the radial ones, or maybe the daisy chain routes as Dulles rail will be.

    The lexus analogy is based on (probably spurious, but maybe not) studies that show that for some transit lines they actually could have bought a brand new lexus for every user for less money: and replaced it every four years. Bottom line is that transit does not offer the speed, flexibility, and comfort of autos, and it might not even be as cheap, despite its *potential* advantages. The Lexus line was only partly tongue in cheek.

    JAB

    I don’t see how we can make the pie bigger with all the brouhaha against development everywhere. NIMBY, LULU, BANANA, NOPE. When was the last time you heard someone promoting MOPE: More OPportunity Everywhere?

    I think my point was that I agree with you. Tax revenues rise with a growing economy. But if you use the CDA plan to raise what amounts to private taxes, doesn’t that raise the argument that the *taxes* may kill the plan?

    Furthermore, if we grow the economy in a way such that its increasing complexity means we need more taxes faster than we grow the base, what then? I have argued, for example, that high rises require much more expensive fire trucks.

    JW: Thanks, I didn’t think about the employment opportunities ;-).

  8. Toomanytaxes Avatar
    Toomanytaxes

    Notice that the Post’s writers fail to make any reference to the measurable benefits of a Purple Line. Rather, they simply presume that any large expenditure of public funds, especially those that couldforce a tax increase, provide greal levels of public benefits. (I’m not arguing that the construction of a Purple Line would not provide measurable benefit, just that such benefits ought to be quantified and made public before public funds are expended, much less before taxes are raised.)

    Note that, in again bashing the Virginia House of Delegates, the Post’s writers fail to address the benefits of the proposed Silver Line (Dulles). Again, they merely assume that such benefits exist. Yet, the Commonwealth’s own evidence is that spending billions on the Silver Line produces NO measurable improvement in traffic congestion. Can anyone argue without giggling that it is in the public interest to spend billions on something that makes no measurable improvement in traffic congestion in NoVA? If we can afford to waste so much money without reducing traffic congestion, how can anyone honestly suggest that transportation tax increases are necessary in Virginia?

    I find it very telling that the Post not only fails to address this fact (the lack of traffic improvement) in its editorials, but also will not even report this fact to the public. The Post’s editorial writers, being liberals, are dedicated to increasing public spending and taxes regardless of any real public benefit. The paper simply represses any facts and discussions that do not support its desired result — higher taxes.

    To the Post’s minor credit, it does note that, with respect to Maryland, the Purple Line could be constructed as light rail or even Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). Yet, the Post clearly ignores the presentations of several groups that BRT could be constructed to Tysons Corner and along the Dulles Corridor for less than $400 million (versus &4 billion — both figures before cost overruns). Moreover, there is strong evidence that BRT could be constructed without tax or toll road rate increases.

    If the Post’s editorial writers were put under oath, they’d likely agree that such is the problem. The construction of BRT cannot justify another tax increase in Virginia. Therefore, it is intrinsically evil in the eyes of the liberal editorial writers at the Post. There are, in fact, partial solutions to traffic problems that do not require billions of dollars of public expeditures, much less tax increases. To dedicated liberals, those types of solutions are not even worthy of discussion. (Please note that my complaint is with liberals and not Democrats per se. I know many good Democrats in Fairfax County who question spending billions on extending rail to Dulles.)

    But for the Post’s bias (indeed, obsession) in favor of higher taxes in Virginia, why would an editorial find BRT acceptable in Maryland, but not even discussable in Virginia?

  9. nova_middle_man Avatar
    nova_middle_man

    More on the purple line here

    http://blog.washingtonpost.com/getthere/

    Decent discussion too

  10. Jim Wamsley Avatar
    Jim Wamsley

    For those of you who are confused by Beltway Rail in Virginia, this Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transit Study is what we are talking about:

    Four candidate transit technologiesheavy rail, light rail, monorail (suspended monobeam), and bus rapid transit (BRT)were tested with each of three generalized alignments (labeled Blue, Red, and Green). An alternative for all four technologies was developed within the Blue Corridor, a route that generally paralleled the Capital Beltway. A heavy rail, light rail, and monorail alignment were developed in the Red Corridor which travels from Springfield to Annandale along Backlick and Annandale Roads and
    then through Merrifield to Tysons Corner along Gallows Road, terminating at the
    Potomac River. Alignments for the same three technologies were developed for the
    Green Corridor which generally travels due north from Springfield, through
    Annandale and then to West Falls Church before continuing on to McLean and the
    Potomac River. A feasible BRT route was not located within either the Red or
    Green Corridors because neither corridor offers the possibility of continuous,
    exclusive guideway.

    The five transit alternatives studied in Tier 2 of the Capital Beltway Corridor Rail
    Feasibility Study are: Heavy Rail – Red, Heavy Rail – Blue, Light Rail – Red, Light
    Rail-Blue, and Monorail – Red.

    All of the [five] alternatives would serve approximately 70,000 to 87,000 total transit riders,
    of which approximately 16,000 to 20,000 would be new transit trips. The majority of
    the trips generated by each alternative would be made by existing riders. All of the
    alternatives would improve the quality of the trip for riders by reducing the length of
    their auto trips to access transit and making transit easier to use.

    This page has a link to the study. http://www.drpt.state.va.us/studies/default.aspx

  11. Ray Hyde Avatar
    Ray Hyde

    Some would say it has lttle to do with taxes or reducing congestion. The purple line is for power, patronage, and pork.

    But you are right. Even if the Dulles line provides no congestion relief, it may provide other benefits. We should cut the hype and look at this realistically, and THEN make a decision.

    Instead what happens is that a decision is made on what we will do, and THEN how to sell and justify it. Even worse, a decsion is made to start something knowing that we haven’t the money, so the price is set arbitrarily low so that we can’t see that the project isn’t worth what it is actually going to cost.

  12. nova_middle_man Avatar
    nova_middle_man

    On the Virginia beltway side its a done deal all HOT lanes 4 2 (HOT) 2 (HOT) 4 split

    http://www.tollroadsnews.com/cgi-bin/a.cgi/rA2gjPhuEdiRW6r2jfFwDw

    Maryland is still trying to figure out what to do

  13. Richard Layman Avatar
    Richard Layman

    1. Re: The suggestions you make about alternative funding mechanisms, what you call Community Development Areas, but are comparable to “Urban Renewal Areas” or Districts, that is how the Interstate-Yellow MAX Line has been funded in Portland, Oregon.

    You probably wouldn’t like why they chose that funding method, because a normal bond funded through taxes was turned down at least twice in a referendum, although it was complicated.

    Because the route was first designed to go from Vancouver, WA through Portland and out to the western suburbs, it required a state-wide referendum, which failed.

    Eventually, they scaled down the route and funded it through the URA. It doesn’t go to Vancouver, and it doesn’t go outside of Portland. (I think this is limiting, and it doesn’t have the kind of reduction of driving that it could if it went to Vancouver.)

    One good reason for doing something along these lines is that it captures “for the public” more of the financial benefits that would normally go only to the property owner. It makes sense to use that “wealth grant” (through the impact of public investment) to partly fund the system.

    2. Parking is also the reason why people don’t take transit. Free parking is why people think that driving is cheaper. If they weren’t subsidized, it would be a much different calculation.

    3. The Fairfax activist quoted needs a much broader way of thinking. Instead of driving to the subway, one could take the bus, if the bus system routing was set up to make this efficient and easy.

    I wrote about this last year, with regard to Fairfax County, here:

    Dr. Transit’s Prescription for Fairfax County Transportation Planning: More Openness, More Creativity and
    Fairfax Talks Transportation Privately

    and in a similar point raised in relation to the VRE, Maybe the Virginia Railway Express and Fredericksburg can learn from Ride On?.

    4. Just a point. Given that roads are only paid for by drivers to a tune of about 50%, roads are clearly subsidized from general funds. Granted we all benefit from this through the transportation of goods. But thinking of the payment of roads differently from transit puts an undue burden on transit. Sure transit is subsidized. So are roads. However, if roads were full of people driving because they didn’t have transit options, i.e., the 10,000 WMATA riders who hail from Prince William County–which they “free ride” on–your roads would be even more full.

  14. James Atticus Bowden Avatar
    James Atticus Bowden

    Ray: We aren’t disagreeing. I’m just saying the way to finance some new initiatives is not with additional taxes but use the new revenue in taxes a growing economy makes – and maybe cut government spending elsewhere.

  15. C. P. Zilliacus Avatar
    C. P. Zilliacus

    > I profess ignorenece on some
    > of these Maryland issues so I
    > have more questions than answers

    As a very longtime resident of the Free State, perhaps I can help.

    > 1. Would federal funding
    > be available for the Purple
    > Line? (Two problems I see are
    > the silver line/ICC just being
    > built and the line not
    > benefiting the federal government
    > by providing access directly
    > downtown)

    In theory, federal money would
    be available.

    As regards the InterCounty
    Connector, just over 50% of
    its construction cost is planned to
    come from toll revenue bonds issed
    by the Maryland Transportation
    Authority (MdTA).

    Steve Ginsberg of the Post had more
    to say about the Purple Line in Maryland on his blog here.

    I quote:

    Here’s what we learned: It’s going
    to be a long time before anything is
    built. The hoped for timetable has
    construction starting around
    2010-2011 and ending sometime
    around 2015. That’s the hoped-for
    scenario, so it’s quite possible
    nothing will happen even by then.

    We also learned that they’re
    studying six options: three light
    rail scenarios and three rapid bus
    ones. Metro-style heavy rail was
    shot down long ago, Flanagan said,
    citing high costs and some community
    opposition.

    The line will extend 14 miles
    from Bethesda to New Carrollton,
    with stops in Silver Spring and
    College Park along the way. If
    bus service becomes the
    preferred option, it could be
    phased in. Light rail would be
    done all at once.

    Cost estimates range from $375
    million to $1.6 billion and the
    state hopes to get half of that
    from the feds. Flanagan talked
    at length about how hard it is
    to get transit funds from the
    federal government, repeatedly
    citing the arduous process
    that has surrounded the Dulles
    rail project. He said cost-effectiveness would be a
    key criterion for the feds to
    consider and noted that bus
    service would be more flexible
    on that count.

    > 2. Now that Virginia is building
    > hot lanes on the beltway it
    > seems adding hot lanes in
    > Maryland should come ahead of
    > adding metro. I am really curious
    > to see how all of the
    > interchanges are going to work
    > and what is going to happen at
    > the American Legion Bridge.

    Montgomery County, Maryland
    has amended its Master Plan
    of Highways to add one HOV lane
    on I-495 each way from the
    A.L. Bridge north to the I-270Y
    (a/k/a I-270 Spur) split.

    And the state (as in the Maryland
    Department of Transportation) is
    looking at Express Toll
    Lanes
    along all 42 miles
    of its section of the Capital
    Beltway.

    Maryland Express Toll Lanes Initiative.

    Finally, for Mr. Layman, I have a question. Where does the Virginia share of operating deficits of Metro’s rail and bus systems come from?

  16. nova_middle_man Avatar
    nova_middle_man

    Thank you kind Sir

    Here is the latest on the Virginia Side 4-2-2-4 split mentioned earlier

    http://project1.parsons.com/capitalbeltway/

    So that is an HOV lane not a HOT lane. My worst fears are realized. There is going to be a giant bottleneck (oh wait there already is, a much bigger one I guess) at the American Legion Bridge as we go from 2 HOT lanes in Virginia down to 1 HOV lane in Maryland. Of course this will propably occur in 2020 and I would guess that I am one of the few people reading this that would still be working at that point 🙂

  17. Toomanytaxes Avatar
    Toomanytaxes

    Ray – outside the several hundred thousand dollars of campaign contributions that Gerry Connolly has received from Tysons Corner landowners and the potential financial windfalls that the latter stand to make when the extension of Metrorail pulls the trigger so Mr. Connolly and his fellow supervisors can grant the 20 plus amendments to Fairfax County’s Comprehensive Plan, I’m hard pressed to identify any benefits from constructing the Silver Line. I suspect that there would be much less expensive ways for MWAA to get passengers to and from Dulles Airport than by spending billions on the Silver Line.

    Moreover, few residents of Fairfax County are interested in accepting more density and the associated costs just to help PEC members retain their bucolic lifestyles. (Of course, the “density solution” presumes many people who work at Tysons want and can afford to live in multi-million condos.) As this blog has so correctly identified, there is no financial incentive for Fairfax and other close-in counties to pay the substantial costs for added density. I find it quite revealing that no one has proposed any plan that would address this problem. Presumably, proponents of added density expect the costs to continue to fall where they do today — on the residents of Fairfax County, etc. Change the rules of the game and there might be more support from Fairfax County residents for added density.

    C. P. Zilliacus – Your question about Metro’s operating deficits was directed to Mr. Layman, but my understanding is that those costs are apportioned among local jurisdictions based upon the number of track miles and stations within an individual jurisdiction.

    Today (FY 2007), Fairfax County contributes $61.1 million to WMATA for its operations. The county has agreed that, in addition to normal increases in operating deficits, the proposed extension of Metrorail to Dulles would, under the cost-sharing formula between Maryland, Virginia & the District, more deficits would be shifted from the other jurisdictions to Fairfax County. Fairfax County was recently asked the following question: “Has the County made or received any estimates of the additional portion of WMATA’s operating losses that would be transferred to Fairfax County and/or the Commonwealth of Virginia because of the proposed extension of Metrorail to Reston?” The county’s answer was: “The Dulles Rail project team is only able to provide cost estimates for Phase 1 of the project as it is the only one for which this data is currently available. Based on current projections, Fairfax County’s Metrorail subsidy will increase by $6.4 million in 2011 (the first year of the project) and will continue to increase incrementally to $16.2 million in 2030. These estimates reflect inflationary increases and all service adjustments to the Metrorail system.” Having lived in Fairfax County for nearly 20 years, I personally expect that these cost estimates will be proven low.

  18. Richard Layman Avatar
    Richard Layman

    You’re right about how the contribution to the WMATA pact works. Arlington, Alexandria, and the City of Falls Church also participate-contribute.

    But the formula is based on track and stations, so DC pays a huge share, greater perhaps than if the funding mechanism also took into account where the passengers come from. But then, it might just be a marginal difference. We DC residents benefit plenty from having great mobility options.

    Anyway, I think it’s pushing it a bit to complain about people wanting to maintain their “bucolic” lifestyle through greater density.

    Ironically, in a used bookstore, I found a copy of a Fairfax County planning report called something like _This Vanishing Land_ about open space preservation and the hopscotch development patterns in the county. BUT IT WAS PUBLISHED in something like 1962!

    Anyway, a problem with the Metro system design is that it’s not designed to promote compact development, it’s polycentric, and allows for decentralization and deconcentration, which makes it even harder for transit to be successful.

  19. Ray Hyde Avatar
    Ray Hyde

    Actually, drivers pay 65 to 75% of their full costs including all the non market social costs. This is a far higher percentage than transit riders pay which is around 30 to 35% of operating costs.

    Even if Richard Layman is correct, nearly everyone is a driver, at some point and some degree. So, if the money comes frome some. other “source” it still comes from drivers. and as he points out, even those who don’t drive, benefit from the roads, so it is unfair to claim that drivers should take 100% of the cost load.

    And, as Zilliacus points out, these same people also pay for Metro capital payments and operating deficits, as well as the local bus service deficits.

    While it is important to have a payment system that is somewhere near fair, arguing over the money doesn’t solve the problem: We need a total system of transportation that works, including autos, metro, bikes, pedestrians, segways, motorbikes, traffic signals, speedy-wreck cleanup, telecommuting, and anything else we can think of.

    As to the “more full” argument,I think it is only partly correct. Some roads would be more full, some traffic would just move elsewhere or not occur. The ones that are jammed now would still be jammed, but they are pretty much at the tipping point anyway. Absent the truly enormous expenditures on rail, we would adjust some other way. Call it more sprawl if you like.

    Metro isn’t buying us less crowded roads, that much is obvious. What it does do is allow more people to go to the same places that otherwise would be more inaccessible due to congestion. Who does that benefit? As Bacon points out, it benefits those who happen to own property at that location.

    So we make a huge public expenditure in order that many people can schlep to work, (many standing up), wait in the rain and cold and heat, and carry very lttle with them, just to benefit those owners. This comes at the expense of those who might otherwise have got sprawled upon, or who would have had new opportunities closer to home. If there is someone who shouldn’t have to be paying for metro, it is these people.

    Loudoun shows us that these people are not in agreement. Many of them have no wish to be sprawled upon, or at least not now. If or when their financial, family, or economic conditions change you may hear them singing a different tune. For those that already have problems, these restrictions are a hardship.

    Oregon shows us that over time, more and more of them will chafe at restraints being imposed on them. Especially when they realize that those restraints are placed, not to prevent sprawl or protect the environment, but to enhance the property values of those that we spent billions buying metro for. Portland has a fine transit system, bike racks on the buses and all of that, but it is no poster child as to how to run a city. It also has congestion which some people think shows the system is working, and a large number of people who have simpley moved to Vancouver.

    The comments of my Fairfax activist friend are not her comments only: they come from the many voters she talked to while trying to drumup support for her party. Yes, she could take the bus, but it is inconvenient and it hasn’t sufficient frequency or hours to meet her needs. You are right “if the bus system was set up to make this efficient and easy”. The problem is that it isn’t and never will be: you cannot offer the same options with fewer vehicles.

    In fact, When she shifted to Metro, her costs are almost the same, and so is the time. The only thing she saves is the difference in cost between Metro parking and private parking downtown. Her employer shifted his transportation subsidy from free parking to metro passes, but the overall costs are the same. Where exactly is the benefit? I have another friend who uses his metro passes until they run out, and then he drives.

    I think it makes a very real statement to think that the one thing Metro can do to improve service is to provide more parking.

    The system works fine, for those that it fits. For everybody else it is a partial benefit at best. I think Layman and Bacon and TMT are all on the right track, we just need to step back and draw the circle a little larger. We need a total systems approach.

    If some of the benefits claimed actually come at the expense of others, are they really benefits? If they are still benefits, then what is the value after all the other costs are considered. Then we can figure out who really gets the benefits and and finally how much are we willing to pay for the real benefits delivered.

    Right now, the pro rail and anti-car hype is distorting our thinking, and there is no way to sort it out: there is too much politics and too little facts. I happen to believe that both auto drivers and transit riders should be paying more. I also believe that this will have the same effect as a tax and JAB is correct, it will result in less economic activity.

    We can pay the transportation tax or we can pay the congestion tax. Which do you suppose is more beneficial and less harmful?

  20. C. P. Zilliacus Avatar
    C. P. Zilliacus

    Toomanytaxes wrote:

    > C. P. Zilliacus – Your question
    > about Metro’s operating deficits
    > was directed to Mr. Layman, but
    > my understanding is that those
    > costs are apportioned among
    > local jurisdictions based upon
    > the number of track miles and
    > stations within an
    > individual jurisdiction.

    That would be correct (it’s a
    pretty complex process and
    much more in the way of
    detail could be added, but for
    our discussions your answer
    is correct).

    I was curious if Mr. Layman knew
    where the funding (as in green
    dollars) for the Virginia portion
    of the WMATA operating deficits
    came from.

  21. C. P. Zilliacus Avatar
    C. P. Zilliacus

    nova_middle_man wrote:

    > So that is an HOV lane not
    > a HOT lane.

    That’s what the county
    Master Plan of Highways calls it.
    But that may be because the
    Montgomery County transportation
    planning process did not “know”
    about HOT or Express Toll
    Lanes.

    > My worst fears are realized.
    > There is going to be a
    > giant bottleneck (oh wait
    > there already is, a much bigger
    > one I guess) at the American
    > Legion Bridge as we go
    > from 2 HOT lanes in Virginia
    > down to 1 HOV lane in Maryland.
    > Of course this will propably
    > occur in 2020 and I would guess
    > that I am one of the few
    > people reading this that
    > would still be working at that
    > point 🙂

    I hope that your prediction above
    does not come true!

    However, your point about lack
    of coordination at the American
    Legion Bridge is correct.
    Part of the problem
    (IMO – I speak as a near-lifelong
    resident of Montgomery County,
    Maryland) is that much of
    the Montgomery County political
    culture wants to pretend that
    Virginia does not exist.

    When the American Legion Bridge
    was first built, the Capital
    Beltway from Springfield to the
    bridge was four lanes
    (two lanes (!) each way).
    Maryland built all of its
    Capital Beltway as six lanes
    (three lanes each way).

    Result? As early as the
    late-1960’s, recurring congestion
    going from Maryland to Virginia.

    In the mid-1970’s, the Virginia
    part of the Capital Beltway was
    widened from those original four
    lanes to eight lanes – but the
    Wilson Bridge and the American
    Legion Bridges remained six lanes.

    Result? Recurring congestion
    going from Virginia to
    Maryland, especially at the
    American Legion Bridge.

    In the late 1980’s and early
    1990’s, the American Legion Bridge
    and the Capital Beltway (from the
    ALB to I-270Y) were finally widened
    to four lanes each way, eight
    through lanes total (the bridge
    itself is now five lanes to
    allow merge/transition to and
    from the G. Washington and Clara
    Barton Parkways).

  22. C. P. Zilliacus Avatar
    C. P. Zilliacus

    Richard Layman wrote:

    > You’re right about how the
    > contribution to the WMATA
    > pact works. Arlington,
    > Alexandria, and the City
    > of Falls Church also
    > participate-contribute.

    But where do those contributions
    come from?

    > But the formula is based on track
    > and stations, so DC pays a huge
    > share, greater perhaps than if
    > the funding mechanism also took
    > into account where the
    > passengers come from.

    It does.

    > But then, it might just be
    > a marginal difference. We
    > DC residents benefit plenty
    > from having great mobility
    > options.

    More to the point, D.C. (and
    Arlington County, Va.) have
    gained large increases in
    commercial property values
    thanks to Metrorail. And none
    of the resulting increase in
    property tax revenue goes back
    to fund WMATA operating deficits
    or capital costs.

    > Anyway, I think it’s pushing
    > it a bit to complain about
    > people wanting to maintain
    > their “bucolic” lifestyle
    > through greater density.

    Sounds to me like you have never
    heard of the Montgomery County
    (Md.) Agricultural Preserve
    , and,
    more importantly, the program
    of Transferrable Development
    Rights
    (TDR), which allows owners
    of land in the Ag Preserve to sell
    the development rights, which are
    then used by developers to
    densify designated areas of the
    county (known as TDR receiving
    areas
    ). Those TDR receiving
    areas were, in many cases,
    badly damaged by the
    excessive density. How do I know
    this? Because I live in a
    neighborhood that was designated
    as a TDR receiving area.

  23. C. P. Zilliacus Avatar
    C. P. Zilliacus

    Words of wisdom from Ray Hyde:

    > Actually, drivers pay 65 to 75%
    > of their full costs including
    > all the non market social
    > costs. This is a far
    > higher percentage than
    > transit riders pay which is
    > around 30 to 35% of operating
    > costs.

    And transit patrons pay exactly
    zero percent of the capital costs of transit.

    > Even if Richard Layman is
    > correct, nearly everyone is
    > a driver, at some point and
    > some degree. So, if the money
    > comes frome some. other “source”
    > it still comes from drivers.
    > and as he points out, even
    > those who don’t drive, benefit
    > from the roads, so it is
    > unfair to claim that drivers
    > should take 100% of the cost
    > load.

    Agreed. But all too many people
    and groups want highway users to
    pay 100% of all highway costs
    and 100% of all transit capital
    costs and all transit
    operating deficits – while,
    never, ever expanding
    the highway network in terms of
    new links or increased capacity.

    > And, as Zilliacus points out,
    > these same people also pay for
    > Metro capital payments and
    > operating deficits, as well as
    > the local bus service
    > deficits.

    Yup. Some portion of transit
    deficits are also funded by other
    taxes, such as real property
    taxes, but motor fuel taxes and
    other taxes on highway users
    is usually the largest source
    for transit deficits.

    > While it is important to have
    > a payment system that is
    > somewhere near fair, arguing
    > over the money doesn’t solve
    > the problem: We need a total
    > system of transportation that
    > works, including autos, metro,
    > bikes, pedestrians, segways,
    > motorbikes, traffic signals,
    > speedy-wreck cleanup,
    > telecommuting, and anything
    > else we can think of.

    Don’t forget freight. Even if
    freight comes most of the way by
    some other mode (sea, rail or
    pipeline), it usually has to make
    that last part of the trip on
    rubber tires.

    > As to the “more full” argument,
    > I think it is only partly
    > correct. Some roads would be
    > more full, some traffic would
    > just move elsewhere or not
    > occur. The ones that are jammed
    > now would still be jammed, but
    > they are pretty much at the
    > tipping point anyway. Absent
    > the truly enormous expenditures
    > on rail, we would adjust some
    > other way. Call it more sprawl
    > if you like.

    I agree.

    > Metro isn’t buying us less
    > crowded roads, that much is
    > obvious.

    A large chunk of Metro(Rail)
    patronage, if examined in
    timeseries, comes from former
    bus riders and car-poolers,
    not drivers of single-occupant
    vehicles
    .

    > What it does do is allow more
    > people to go to the same places
    > that otherwise would be
    > more inaccessible due to
    > congestion. Who does that
    > benefit? As Bacon points out,
    > it benefits those who happen to
    > own property at that
    > location.

    Yes. A thousand times yes.

  24. Toomanytaxes Avatar
    Toomanytaxes

    More evidence that dense developments, such as Metrowest and the proposals for Tysons Corner, will not do anything to eliminate sprawl. The Post has an excellent article by Alec MacGillis, who seems to be willing to ask tough questions on all sides of an issue. In Land of Giants, Smallest Houses Larger Than Ever – Home Buyers Redefine Concept of Starter Home

    A couple of paragraphs from that story.

    “Architect Christian Lessard said he and the other developers of MetroWest, the 2,250-home project underway near the Vienna Metro station, would happily build a larger number of smaller homes, but community opposition limited the number of units they could build. To make back the cost of the land, he said, the builders designed the townhouses they were allowed to build to be as large and expensive as possible — about 2,500 square feet, a size that in similar developments sells for about $500,000. (Keep in mind that there was strong evidence that the local public infrastructure was already inadequate and, in the land of Gerry Connolly, little in proffers was obtained, hence, the strong opposition to adding density.)

    “Lessard acknowledged that the outcome was not ideal.

    “‘We’re only designing for 20 percent of the population right now. That can’t last forever,’ he said. ‘As a society, we’ll have a problem because eventually no one’s going to be able to afford this other stuff.’”

  25. Ray Hyde Avatar
    Ray Hyde

    Another reason we should take Jim Bacon’s advice and rip most of the pages out of the zoning code.

  26. Richard Layman Avatar
    Richard Layman

    Credible research, recounted in a report by the Brookings Institution, and discussed in a Neal Peirce column from May 2003, look it up through links at the Citistates website, says that drivers pay 50% of the hard costs of the transportation infrastructure. This doesn’t touch on “non-market” costs one iota. It sure doesn’t include the military costs. I don’t know why I hadn’t thought of it before, but do you know the Springsteen song, “Lost in the Flood?” … “hey man, you think that’s oil, man, that ain’t oil, that’s blood…”

    And, as I write all the time, I recognize that people like me, who rely primarily on a bicycle and transit, do benefit from the road infrastructure, for the transportation of goods and services. Anybody should be conscious of that. Plus, where do you think I ride my bike most of the time? On the roads…

    I am not asking for more roads to be built, but right now the system is just like Animal Farm, with drivers more equal than others. Before we keep feeding drivers, I would like to see more balance in mobility options, as well as a recognition that drivers are no less, if not more, subsidized than transit users.

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