Why the Woke Fixation with “Enslaved” and “Enslavers”?

by James A. BaconThe Washington Post

has taken notice of a bill, HB 1980, which would require the five public Virginia universities founded in the ante-bellum era to document their ties to slavery and establish scholarships or economic development programs to benefit communities descended from slaves.

I gave my take on that bill some three weeks ago in this post. In a nutshell, I argued that you can’t rectify the effects of past racism with reverse racism.

My focus today is the Post, whose story bears all the tics and tropes of contemporary progressivism. In particular, the newspaper appears to have adopted, as standard practice, use of the terms “enslaved” and “enslaver” in place of “slave” and “slaveowner.” Here are two examples in this article:

Each of the five schools in recent years has confronted, or begun to confront, what role it played in the enslavement of people of African descent. In that way, they are hardly unique.

U-Va. was founded in 1819 by Thomas Jefferson, the third U.S. president, who was an enslaver.

According to dictionary usage, the verb “to enslave” means to make someone a slave, as in, to sell a person into slavery or condemn him or her to slavery.

As a point of historical fact, Thomas Jefferson did not “enslave” anyone. He did own slaves, but he did not “enslave” anyone. Neither did The University of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, College of William & Mary, Longwood University, or Virginia Military Institute. For the most part, those institutions leased the labor of slaves owned by others.

In using the terms “enslaved” and “enslaver, the Post is making factually inaccurate statements, and one is prompted to ask what ideological purpose is advanced by doing so.

Africans were “enslaved” by other Africans who launched raids, razzias and wars of conquest for the express purpose of “enslaving” their victims. The conquerors kept some of these captors in servitude in their own societies and sold others to European slave traders on the coast. Europeans did not deprive the “enslaved” of their freedom, African kingdoms such as Benin, Ashanti, and Dahomey did. The abomination of abducting free people and selling them into slavery was an African sin, not an American one.

That is no defense of slavery in the United States, which was a morally evil institution. But there are degrees of servitude in human societies across history,  and degrees of evil. In contrast to the sugar plantations of the Caribbean and Brazil, where conditions were so squalid that slaveowners had to continually replace their slave populations with fresh bodies, slaves in the United States after the 1803 abolition of the trans-Atlantic slave trade experienced a natural population growth of 25% per decade. Thousands of slaves were granted their freedom. Thousands were allowed to work on their own time, earn wages and accumulate property. Despite anti-literacy laws, thousands learned to read.

Is the difference between a “slave,” someone who was born into slavery, and an “enslaved” person, who at one point in his or her life was free, a distinction without meaning?

That’s a point worth debating. To be sure, the wokesters at The Washington Post deem it a meaningful distinction or they would not substitute one set of terms for the other in defiance of their dictionary definition.

I conjecture that Post writers and editors, like their woke fellow travelers in academia, seek to portray U.S. slavery as uniquely evil. The condition of an “enslaved” person sounds even more debased than that of a mere “slave.” To call someone an “enslaver” implies an even greater degree of culpability than the term “slaveowner.” The new vocabulary heaps maximum guilt upon white people collectively and serves the goal of attributing modern-day dysfunctions in African American society, especially inner city society, to the legacy of slavery.

Slavery ended nearly 160 years ago and the Civil Rights revolution occurred nearly 60 years ago, but the crippling unintended consequences of government programs are alive and well. The obsession with slavery is designed to distract Americans from the abject failure of the policy prescriptions favored by liberals and progressives to create opportunity and uplift for African Americans, and in the process absolve woke whites of their own complicity.


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59 responses to “Why the Woke Fixation with “Enslaved” and “Enslavers”?”

  1. Here’s more craziness, slipped under the radar and on the floor today. A complete disaster for business AND for the women it presumably is designed to help. Apparently, Jennifer McClellan is not listening to a group of women who are pleading with her to back off, the following from Richmond SHRM:

    >”This morning, Friday, February 5, the Virginia legislature is considering legislation – SB 1360

    https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?211+ful+SB1360+pdf

    and HB 2155 – that is believed to be the first in the nation to broadly define “workplace harassment.”

    The legislation broadly provides employees state remedies for a wide variety of new workplace harassment claims and expanded sexual harassment claims for acts occurring on or off work premises.

    The terms of the proposed law are far too broad and pose a threat to employers as well as the targets of harassment:

    Any offensive comment based on a protected class is potentially the basis for a claim, regardless of whether the person at whom the comment was directed files the claim or was offended.
    Employees may file a claim even if they are not the victim, if the conduct occurred outside of work (arguably outside the scope of employment), and there was no harm or adverse employment action. Because sexual harassment under these bills does not have an “unwelcome” conduct standard, a third party could arguably file a claim based on mutually consensual conduct between two other people that they deem offensive.
    Bystander employees may sue on his/her own and thus bring in the target of harassment even if the target wishes to remain silent and work the situation out on his/her own.” >

    Take a careful reading of the bill. It allows bystanders to file a complaint based on what happened to someone else. Slight Con Law problem: those bystanders don’t have standing for harm caused to someone else. It would seem a bit beyond the pale for a statute to waive the constitutional principle of standing.

    Apparently Ms. McClellan has sold out Virginia in order to get money for her campaign from national interests.

  2. Peter Galuszka Avatar
    Peter Galuszka

    Golly gee whiz. Anything to deflect from the truth about slavery.

    1. What “truth” am I supposedly deflecting?

      Did Thomas Jefferson really “enslave” people?

      1. djrippert Avatar

        Yes, he did. He enslaved the children of his slaves who were endowed by their Creator with life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

        1. He shoots. He scores!

      2. Nancy_Naive Avatar
        Nancy_Naive

        Which people? Enslave as in to put people into slavery, or enslave as in to keep them there?

    2. Steve Haner Avatar
      Steve Haner

      Which is that millions of white people fought and hundreds of thousands died to end it? That truth? About 160 years ago now?

      1. Nancy_Naive Avatar
        Nancy_Naive

        Why, then we should build monuments to those men an women, and take war reparations and give it to them who was enslaved.

        Or, maybe just tilt the playing field 60-40 to make up for 150 years of 0-100. Works for me.

        1. TooManyTaxes Avatar
          TooManyTaxes

          Why should the playing field be tilted against me? Two of my second great grandfathers fought in the Union Army. And neither received a pension or even a headstone. If we are looking at present generations to make amends, I’d say someone owes their heirs some money. Does that work for you?

          1. At least 75% of my family was still in Europe during the Civil War; and 25% was still there until WW1.

            Hmmmmm. Maybe the descendants of Napoleon and Kaiser Wilhelm owe ME money…

          2. idiocracy Avatar

            50% of my family was still in Europe until after WWII.
            37.5% of my family was still in Europe until after the Civil War.
            12.5% of my family was here before the Civil War, but never owned slaves or even lived in the South (they settled in Ohio).

            The only people I owe money to (outside of utilities and other recurring charges) is my mortgage company.

            The only people who owe me money is my current employer.

            Anyone else who claims that I owe them money need only produce a signed contract with my signature on it to prove the validity of the claim.

          3. Nancy_Naive Avatar
            Nancy_Naive

            What? You want more than a monument? A young lady in C’ville die because of a stupid monument. Are you trivializing her death?

            You were more fun when dissing Frey.

          4. Matt Adams Avatar
            Matt Adams

            Here, here.

            My long great grandfather is laid to rest at Gettysburg, he’s got a number that’s about it.

  3. James Wyatt Whitehead V Avatar
    James Wyatt Whitehead V

    From 1862 to 1863 my third great grandfather, Harwood Lockett, leased 9 of his Lombardy Grove slaves to the Confederate government to dig the fortifications known as the “Dimmock Line” in Petersburg. 150 dollars a month per slave for 10 months of work. Under the current reparations movement am I supposed to pay the descendants of those 9 mine? If so, how much? How do I find them? Are the many descendant’s of Harwood Lockett going to pay as well?

    Walter Williams addressed this topic in 2017. He had a good rebuttal.
    http://walterewilliams.com/reparations-for-slavery/

    1. djrippert Avatar

      Putting the slavery aspect aside, $150 per month works out to almost exactly $15 per hour in today’s dollars. Assuming that digging fortifications would be a minimum wage job the amount paid for manual labor has not kept up.

      1. James Wyatt Whitehead V Avatar
        James Wyatt Whitehead V

        I had a blast a few years ago at the Virginia Historical Society. They had Harwood Lockett’s hand written 72 page autobiography that he wrote in 1898 while visiting his son in Roanoke. In the box were many interesting things. There was a hand written and signed letter from Jefferson Davis to Harwood. The letter exempted his son from military service. That son joined the cavalry against his parents wishes. I found the receipts from the Confederate War Department on the lease of slaves. Also receipts for making iron ingots that were shipped to Tredegar Steel Mill in Richmond. There was a foundry at Lombardy Grove. Those slaves that could make iron were valuable. Harwood worked out a deal that allowed the leased men to keep 1/3 of the earnings. Highly unusual I would think, but maybe this was more common than known. Harwood’s handwriting is a work of art. It is a shame that we do not teach cursive to kids now or require the best penmanship possible from students.

      2. James Wyatt Whitehead V Avatar
        James Wyatt Whitehead V

        Don’t forget the 150 dollars is secesh currency which has increasingly worthless as each year progressed.

  4. You are correct. The word enslave means to make someone a slave. However, I think you are picking nits when you assert that a person who holds slaves is not an enslaver. As I interpret the definition, each and every moment a slaveholder “owns” a human being, he is making that person a slave, whether or not the current slaveholder is the individual who originally put that person in bondage.

    From an historical perspective, I like the terms “enslaver” and “enslaved”. I think they are more powerful and visceral than “slaveowner” and “slave”, and when this country’s past sin of legalized slavery is discussed in its historical context, I think the sin should be denounced in language as powerful as we can formulate.

    Don’t get me wrong, though, I am in 100% agreement with you that the left’s current and continued obsession with slavery is intended to distract Americans from the policy failures of liberals and progressives in order to absolve themselves of their own complicity in those failures, while continuing to heap blame on others. I am also 100% opposed to anyone being held responsible by others for the actions of his ancestors.

  5. LarrytheG Avatar

    I suspect a slave knew the difference between being enslaved and being a slave when some of his/her family was sold off never to be seen again.

    Other than that and the occasional whippings and lynchings it surely was a fine life.

  6. TooManyTaxes Avatar
    TooManyTaxes

    I think institutions built on black slavery paying back descendants of slaves in the form of scholarships/grants in aid isn’t a bad idea. But we need to be careful about the slippery slope where society begins to hold people responsible for the actions of their ancestors. That is a very scary concept that will result in arbitrary and cruel behavior to living people. Those calling for this should be the first to step up and atone for her/his ancestors.

    Or maybe they would behave like Hollywood’s woke celebrities who are finding ways to cut in line to get COVID vaccines before those who are scheduled to do so.

    As far as the Post not understanding and misusing the English language, why would that surprise anyone? It’s a hypocritical, fourth-rate, dishonest media company. Sad that Bezos, who has done a lot to make Amazon a quality, albeit too big, of a company, has not insisted on professionalism at the Post. Maybe with his stepping down from top dog at Amazon, he will clean up the wretched mess.

  7. TooManyTaxes Avatar
    TooManyTaxes

    I think institutions built on black slavery paying back descendants of slaves in the form of scholarships/grants in aid isn’t a bad idea. But we need to be careful about the slippery slope where society begins to hold people responsible for the actions of their ancestors. That is a very scary concept that will result in arbitrary and cruel behavior to living people. Those calling for this should be the first to step up and atone for her/his ancestors.

    Or maybe they would behave like Hollywood’s woke celebrities who are finding ways to cut in line to get COVID vaccines before those who are scheduled to do so.

    As far as the Post not understanding and misusing the English language, why would that surprise anyone? It’s a hypocritical, fourth-rate, dishonest media company. Sad that Bezos, who has done a lot to make Amazon a quality, albeit too big, of a company, has not insisted on professionalism at the Post. Maybe with his stepping down from top dog at Amazon, he will clean up the wretched mess.

  8. Here’s more craziness, slipped under the radar and on the floor today. A complete disaster for business AND for the women it presumably is designed to help. Apparently, Jennifer McClellan is not listening to a group of women who are pleading with her to back off, the following from Richmond SHRM:

    >”This morning, Friday, February 5, the Virginia legislature is considering legislation – SB 1360

    https://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?211+ful+SB1360+pdf

    and HB 2155 – that is believed to be the first in the nation to broadly define “workplace harassment.”

    The legislation broadly provides employees state remedies for a wide variety of new workplace harassment claims and expanded sexual harassment claims for acts occurring on or off work premises.

    The terms of the proposed law are far too broad and pose a threat to employers as well as the targets of harassment:

    Any offensive comment based on a protected class is potentially the basis for a claim, regardless of whether the person at whom the comment was directed files the claim or was offended.
    Employees may file a claim even if they are not the victim, if the conduct occurred outside of work (arguably outside the scope of employment), and there was no harm or adverse employment action. Because sexual harassment under these bills does not have an “unwelcome” conduct standard, a third party could arguably file a claim based on mutually consensual conduct between two other people that they deem offensive.
    Bystander employees may sue on his/her own and thus bring in the target of harassment even if the target wishes to remain silent and work the situation out on his/her own.” >

    Take a careful reading of the bill. It allows bystanders to file a complaint based on what happened to someone else. Slight Con Law problem: those bystanders don’t have standing for harm caused to someone else. It would seem a bit beyond the pale for a statute to waive the constitutional principle of standing.

    Apparently Ms. McClellan has sold out Virginia in order to get money for her campaign from national interests.

  9. Peter Galuszka Avatar
    Peter Galuszka

    Golly gee whiz. Anything to deflect from the truth about slavery.

    1. Steve Haner Avatar
      Steve Haner

      Which is that millions of white people fought and hundreds of thousands died to end it? That truth? About 160 years ago now?

      1. Nancy_Naive Avatar
        Nancy_Naive

        Why, then we should build monuments to those men an women, and take war reparations and give it to them who was enslaved.

        Or, maybe just tilt the playing field 60-40 to make up for 150 years of 0-100. Works for me.

        1. TooManyTaxes Avatar
          TooManyTaxes

          Why should the playing field be tilted against me? Two of my second great grandfathers fought in the Union Army. And neither received a pension or even a headstone. If we are looking at present generations to make amends, I’d say someone owes their heirs some money. Does that work for you?

          1. At least 75% of my family was still in Europe during the Civil War; and 25% was still there until WW1.

            Hmmmmm. Maybe the descendants of Napoleon and Kaiser Wilhelm owe ME money…

          2. idiocracy Avatar

            50% of my family was still in Europe until after WWII.
            37.5% of my family was still in Europe until after the Civil War.
            12.5% of my family was here before the Civil War, but never owned slaves or even lived in the South (they settled in Ohio).

            The only people I owe money to (outside of utilities and other recurring charges) is my mortgage company.

            The only people who owe me money is my current employer.

            Anyone else who claims that I owe them money need only produce a signed contract with my signature on it to prove the validity of the claim.

          3. Nancy_Naive Avatar
            Nancy_Naive

            What? You want more than a monument? A young lady in C’ville die because of a stupid monument. Are you trivializing her death?

            You were more fun when dissing Frey.

          4. Matt Adams Avatar
            Matt Adams

            Here, here.

            My long great grandfather is laid to rest at Gettysburg, he’s got a number that’s about it.

    2. What “truth” am I supposedly deflecting?

      Did Thomas Jefferson really “enslave” people?

      1. djrippert Avatar

        Yes, he did. He enslaved the children of his slaves who were endowed by their Creator with life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

        1. He shoots. He scores!

      2. Nancy_Naive Avatar
        Nancy_Naive

        Which people? Enslave as in to put people into slavery, or enslave as in to keep them there?

  10. James Wyatt Whitehead V Avatar
    James Wyatt Whitehead V

    From 1862 to 1863 my third great grandfather, Harwood Lockett, leased 9 of his Lombardy Grove slaves to the Confederate government to dig the fortifications known as the “Dimmock Line” in Petersburg. 150 dollars a month per slave for 10 months of work. Under the current reparations movement am I supposed to pay the descendants of those 9 mine? If so, how much? How do I find them? Are the many descendant’s of Harwood Lockett going to pay as well?

    Walter Williams addressed this topic in 2017. He had a good rebuttal.
    http://walterewilliams.com/reparations-for-slavery/

    1. djrippert Avatar

      Putting the slavery aspect aside, $150 per month works out to almost exactly $15 per hour in today’s dollars. Assuming that digging fortifications would be a minimum wage job the amount paid for manual labor has not kept up.

      1. James Wyatt Whitehead V Avatar
        James Wyatt Whitehead V

        I had a blast a few years ago at the Virginia Historical Society. They had Harwood Lockett’s hand written 72 page autobiography that he wrote in 1898 while visiting his son in Roanoke. In the box were many interesting things. There was a hand written and signed letter from Jefferson Davis to Harwood. The letter exempted his son from military service. That son joined the cavalry against his parents wishes. I found the receipts from the Confederate War Department on the lease of slaves. Also receipts for making iron ingots that were shipped to Tredegar Steel Mill in Richmond. There was a foundry at Lombardy Grove. Those slaves that could make iron were valuable. Harwood worked out a deal that allowed the leased men to keep 1/3 of the earnings. Highly unusual I would think, but maybe this was more common than known. Harwood’s handwriting is a work of art. It is a shame that we do not teach cursive to kids now or require the best penmanship possible from students.

      2. James Wyatt Whitehead V Avatar
        James Wyatt Whitehead V

        Don’t forget the 150 dollars is secesh currency which has increasingly worthless as each year progressed.

  11. You are correct. The word enslave means to make someone a slave. However, I think you are picking nits when you assert that a person who holds slaves is not an enslaver. As I interpret the definition, each and every moment a slaveholder “owns” a human being, he is making that person a slave, whether or not the current slaveholder is the individual who originally put that person in bondage.

    From an historical perspective, I like the terms “enslaver” and “enslaved”. I think they are more powerful and visceral than “slaveowner” and “slave”, and when this country’s past sin of legalized slavery is discussed in its historical context, I think the sin should be denounced in language as powerful as we can formulate.

    Don’t get me wrong, though, I am in 100% agreement with you that the left’s current and continued obsession with slavery is intended to distract Americans from the policy failures of liberals and progressives in order to absolve themselves of their own complicity in those failures, while continuing to heap blame on others. I am also 100% opposed to anyone being held responsible by others for the actions of his ancestors.

  12. LarrytheG Avatar

    I suspect a slave knew the difference between being enslaved and being a slave when some of his/her family was sold off never to be seen again.

    Other than that and the occasional whippings and lynchings it surely was a fine life.

  13. Dick Hall-Sizemore Avatar
    Dick Hall-Sizemore

    I think you are giving the Washington Post too much credit(?). I doubt if there was much thought given to using the terms “enslaved” and “enslaver”. Every so often, there is a movement to substitute one set of terms for another, with little or no change in meaning. I assume that it is because the new terms sound fancier, cooler, or maybe just different.

    1. TooManyTaxes Avatar
      TooManyTaxes

      Or, in the case of the Post, just plain stupider.

  14. Dick Hall-Sizemore Avatar
    Dick Hall-Sizemore

    I think you are giving the Washington Post too much credit(?). I doubt if there was much thought given to using the terms “enslaved” and “enslaver”. Every so often, there is a movement to substitute one set of terms for another, with little or no change in meaning. I assume that it is because the new terms sound fancier, cooler, or maybe just different.

    1. TooManyTaxes Avatar
      TooManyTaxes

      Or, in the case of the Post, just plain stupider.

  15. UpAgnstTheWall Avatar
    UpAgnstTheWall

    All people are free by natural right; to hold any in bondage through your own coercion or purchase is to be an enslaver.

    Complaining about The Washington Post recognizing that simple fact while suggesting that the way to get Black people to trust medicine is to ignore past atrocities shows a bald antagonism to the historic plight of your fellow Americans.

  16. UpAgnstTheWall Avatar
    UpAgnstTheWall

    All people are free by natural right; to hold any in bondage through your own coercion or purchase is to be an enslaver.

    Complaining about The Washington Post recognizing that simple fact while suggesting that the way to get Black people to trust medicine is to ignore past atrocities shows a bald antagonism to the historic plight of your fellow Americans.

  17. Nancy_Naive Avatar
    Nancy_Naive

    https://www.oed.com/oed2/00089640;jsessionid=65D24A14CC18A1725BE8D7E5A3D2246D

    Anything else is enslaved.

    BTW, you should see what their definition of “is” is.

    1. That definition is more than 16,000 words long.

    2. Do you subscribe to the online OED?

      1. Nancy_Naive Avatar
        Nancy_Naive

        I let it lapse years ago.

        1. $90 a year seems a little steep to me, but if I was a professional writer I might have a different perspective.

          1. Nancy_Naive Avatar
            Nancy_Naive

            It’s gone up. I didn’t pay for it; company perk. They paid for subscriptions to journals and professional memberships. Of course, half dozen of us shared certain subscriptions, shhhh!

            Last time I was in the office the library had spilled into a second room. I can’t imagine the floor is built to hold the load.

  18. Nancy_Naive Avatar
    Nancy_Naive

    https://www.oed.com/oed2/00089640;jsessionid=65D24A14CC18A1725BE8D7E5A3D2246D

    Anything else is enslaved.

    BTW, you should see what their definition of “is” is.

    1. Do you subscribe to the online OED?

      1. Nancy_Naive Avatar
        Nancy_Naive

        I let it lapse years ago.

        1. $90 a year seems a little steep to me, but if I was a professional writer I might have a different perspective.

    2. That definition is more than 16,000 words long.

  19. Nancy_Naive Avatar
    Nancy_Naive

    145 to 61 in a secret ballot to keep Liz Cheney.
    199 to 11 in a public ballot to keep Marjorie Taylor Greene.

    Oooh, statisically, one can make inferences on cowardice in the GOP.

    Don’t mind me if I call Republicans “gutless wonders”.

  20. Nancy_Naive Avatar
    Nancy_Naive

    145 to 61 in a secret ballot to keep Liz Cheney.
    199 to 11 in a public ballot to keep Marjorie Taylor Greene.

    Oooh, statisically, one can make inferences on cowardice in the GOP.

    Don’t mind me if I call Republicans “gutless wonders”.

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